Kinetics of Metal-Gas Interactions at Low Temperatures Hydriding, Oxidation, Poisoning
Kinetics of Metal-Gas Interactions at Low Temperatures is devoted to the formation of natural oxide films. These thin surface layers are produced instantaneously when oxygen or water vapor is present in the gas atmosphere. They are responsible for corrosion behavior, for wear and friction of metalli...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1998, 1998
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| Edition: | 1st ed. 1998 |
| Series: | Springer Series in Surface Sciences
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- 5.8 Results of Model Calculations, Parameter Variations
- 5.9 Effects of the Defect Structure of the Oxide
- 5.10 Simulation of Experiments with the Volumetric Method
- 5.11 Reaction Mechanisms of Low-Temperature Oxidation
- 6 Poisoning of Hydrogen Reactions
- 6.1 Experimental Results
- 6.2 Stability of Oxide Layers at Elevated Temperatures
- 6.3 Surface Layer of Constant Thickness
- 6.4 Contamination Layers Growing During Exposure
- Appendices
- A Chemical Potentials and Standard States
- A.1 Chemical Potentials
- A.1.1 Definitions
- A.2 Standard States and Standard Reactions
- A.2.1 Elements
- A.2.3 Physisorption
- A.2.4 Molecular Chemisorption
- A.2.5 Atomic Chemisorption
- A.2.6 Metal Interstitials
- A.2.7 Metal Vacancy
- A.2.8 Oxygen Interstitials
- A.2.9 Oxygen Vacancy
- A.2.10Other Compounds
- B Equilibria of Charged Species
- B.1 Poisson Equation
- B.2 Dipole Layers
- B.3 Space Charges
- B.3.3 Conclusions
- B.4 Mott Potential
- B.4.1 Oxygen Molecules as Acceptors
- B.4.2 Oxygen Atoms as Acceptors
- B.4.3 Pressure Independent Acceptor Sites
- B.4.4 Conditions for the Existence of a Mott Equilibrium Potential
- B.5 Equilibria in Oxide Layers
- C Electronic Currents
- C.1 Tunneling
- C.2 Hopping Mechanism
- C.3 Semiconduction
- D Ionic Currents
- D.1 Basic Equations
- D.1.1 Zero Concentration Gradient
- D.1.2 Zero Field Current
- D.1.3 High Field Transport Equation
- D.1.4 Steady State Current in a Homogeneous Field
- D.2 Space Charge Effects
- D.3 Coupled Currents
- E Units, Material Constants
- Symbols
- References
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Principles of Reaction Kinetics
- 2.1 Equilibria of Chemical Reactions
- 2.2 Structure of Reaction Models
- 2.3 Characteristics of Reaction Partial Steps
- 3 Experimental Techniques
- 3.1 Initial State of Metal Surfaces and UHV Experiments
- 3.2 Volumetric and Manometric Methods
- 3.3 Quartz Crystal Microbalance
- 3.4 Ellipsometry
- 3.5 Energetic Ion Scattering
- 3.6 X-Ray Reflectivity
- 3.7 Surface-Analytical Methods
- 4 Hydrogen Reactions
- 4.1 Experimental Results
- 4.2 Hydrogen Solution in Metals
- 4.3 Hydride Formation
- 4.4 Computer Simulation of Advanced Models
- 5 Low-Temperature Oxidation
- 5.1 Experimental Results
- 5.2 Rate Laws Proposed in the Literature
- 5.3 Partial Steps of the Oxidation Reaction
- 5.4 Relations and Constants Used in Model Calculations
- 5.5 Example of a Model Considering Space Charges
- 5.6 Models Neglecting Space Charges
- 5.7 Detailed Presentation of a Model with Metal Interstitials as Mobile Defects