Gentian violet, leucogentian violet, malachite green, leucomalachite green, and CI direct blue 218
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of three dyes and their two leucometabolites: gentian violet, leucogentian violet, malachite green, leucomalachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218. Gentian violet and malachite green are cationic triphenylmethane dyes widel...
| Corporate Authors: | , |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Lyon, France
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
2022, 2022
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| Series: | IARC monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans
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| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | National Center for Biotechnology Information - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
| Summary: | This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of three dyes and their two leucometabolites: gentian violet, leucogentian violet, malachite green, leucomalachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218. Gentian violet and malachite green are cationic triphenylmethane dyes widely used for textiles, paper, and acrylic products, as biological stains, and in some hair dyes and other cosmetics. Because of their antibacterial and antifungal properties, they have had various medical, veterinary, and aquaculture applications, including the treatment of livestock, animal feed, ornamental fish, and farmed fish and shellfish. Leucogentian violet and leucomalachite green are used as precursors in the production of their parent compounds and have direct applications as chromogenic reagents in analytical chemistry and as radiochromic indicators in dosimeters. CI Direct Blue 218 is a copper-chelated dimethoxybenzidine-based azo dye used for cellulose, acetate, nylon, silk, wool, tissue, fine papers, and textile goods. For all agents, data were sparse regarding exposure levels, but indicated that exposures can occur in occupational settings and in the general population. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed evidence from cancer bioassays in experimental animals and mechanistic studies to assess the carcinogenic hazard to humans of exposure to these agents and concluded that: Gentian violet, leucomalachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218 are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) Leucogentian violet and malachite green are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans (Group 3) |
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| Item Description: | "This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, which met remotely, 22 February to 5 March 2021." |
| Physical Description: | 1 PDF file (vii, 177 pages) illustrations |
| ISBN: | 9789283201960 9789283201694 |