Cobalt, antimony compounds, and weapons-grade tungsten alloy
An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed evidence from cancer studies in humans (available mainly for cobalt and antimony), cancer bioassays in experimental animals, and mechanistic studies to assess the carcinogenic hazard to humans of exposure to these agents and concluded that: - Cobalt metal (w...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Lyon, France
International Agency for Research on Cancer
2023, 2023
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| Series: | IARC monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans
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| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | National Center for Biotechnology Information - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
| Summary: | An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed evidence from cancer studies in humans (available mainly for cobalt and antimony), cancer bioassays in experimental animals, and mechanistic studies to assess the carcinogenic hazard to humans of exposure to these agents and concluded that: - Cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys), soluble cobalt(II) salts, and trivalent antimony are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A); - Cobalt(II) oxide and weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B); - Cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobalt(II) sulfide, other cobalt(II) compounds, and pentavalent antimony were each evaluated as not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3) Antimony is used in flame retardants, lead-acid batteries and alloys, plastics, brake pads, clutch discs, glass, ceramics, and as a primer in explosives. Some pentavalent antimony compounds are used to treat leishmaniasis. Workers can be exposed during smelting, manufacture of antimony compounds, glass, textiles, and batteries, and electrical-waste processing. Non-occupational exposures occur via water, air, soil, consumer products, and tobacco. Weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy is used in armour-penetrating munitions. Occupational exposure can occur during munitions production, and military personnel and civilians can be exposed to metal aerosols generated during firing or impact, or via injuries with retained embedded fragments. This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of nine agents: cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys), soluble cobalt(II) salts, cobalt(II) oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobalt(II) sulfide, other cobalt(II) compounds, trivalent antimony, pentavalent antimony, and weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy. Cobalt is used in the manufacture of cutting and grinding tools, in pigments, paints, coloured glass, medical implants, and electroplating, and in lithium-ion battery production. Occupational exposure is expected to occur during cobalt refining and production of cobalt compounds and dental materials, use of diamond-cobalt tools, plate painting with cobalt pigments, manufacture of nickel-hydrogen batteries, hard-metal production, and electronic-waste recycling. The general population is exposed via food, air, tobacco smoke, and medical implants. |
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| Item Description: | "This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, which met remotely, 2-18 March 2022." |
| Physical Description: | 1 PDF file (vii, 593 pages) illustrations |
| ISBN: | 9789283201984 9789283201717 |