The Economic Cost of Exclusion Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics in the Labor Market in the Republic of North Macedonia
Recent research suggests that the effects of stigma, discrimination, and exclusion against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people could be costing economies billions of dollars. There are numerous reasons for these costs, including adverse educational environments, employme...
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| Other Authors: | , , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Washington, D.C
The World Bank
2023
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| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | World Bank E-Library Archive - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Flores, Andrew | |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a The Economic Cost of Exclusion Based on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics in the Labor Market in the Republic of North Macedonia |h Elektronische Ressource |c Andrew Flores |
| 260 | |a Washington, D.C |b The World Bank |c 2023 | ||
| 653 | |a Gender Identity | ||
| 653 | |a Assistance | ||
| 653 | |a LGBTI Exclusion | ||
| 653 | |a Law | ||
| 653 | |a Social Development | ||
| 653 | |a Sexual Orientation | ||
| 653 | |a Social Protections and Labor | ||
| 653 | |a Social Inclusion | ||
| 653 | |a Law and Development | ||
| 653 | |a Workplace Discrimination | ||
| 653 | |a Vulnerable Groups | ||
| 653 | |a International Law | ||
| 653 | |a Sogiesc-Based Exclusion | ||
| 653 | |a Human Rights | ||
| 653 | |a Gender | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Cortez, Clifton | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Koehler, Dominik | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Djindjic, Jovana | |
| 041 | 0 | 7 | |a eng |2 ISO 639-2 |
| 989 | |b WOBA |a World Bank E-Library Archive | ||
| 028 | 5 | 0 | |a 10.1596/40380 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/40380 |x Verlag |3 Volltext |
| 082 | 0 | |a 330 | |
| 520 | |a Recent research suggests that the effects of stigma, discrimination, and exclusion against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people could be costing economies billions of dollars. There are numerous reasons for these costs, including adverse educational environments, employment discrimination, physical and mental health disparities, and violence. This research aims to estimate the economic cost of exclusion based on sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in the Republic of North Macedonia and to provide the country's policy makers, civil society, and development partners with new evidence on the ongoing policy dialogue on strengthening the social inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people. To estimate the cost of exclusion, this report presents two theoretical models focused on the labor market and related issues. The first model centers mainly on the accumulated loss of individual wages due to the consequences of exclusion. The second model calculates the negative effect of exclusion on accumulated fiscal revenues (due to lower income and payroll taxes) and expenditures (due to higher expenditures for unemployment benefits and active labor market programs) | ||