|
|
|
|
| LEADER |
02186nmm a2200253 u 4500 |
| 001 |
EB002109600 |
| 003 |
EBX01000000000000001249690 |
| 005 |
00000000000000.0 |
| 007 |
cr||||||||||||||||||||| |
| 008 |
221013 ||| eng |
| 100 |
1 |
|
|a Zhenwei Qiang, Christine
|
| 245 |
0 |
0 |
|a Heterogeneous Effects of the De Jure and De Facto Business Environment
|h Elektronische Ressource
|b Findings from Multiple Data Sets on the Business Environment
|c Christine Zhenwei Qiang
|
| 260 |
|
|
|a Washington, D.C
|b The World Bank
|c 2020
|
| 300 |
|
|
|a 40 pages
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Zhenwei Qiang, Christine
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Wang, He
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Xu, L. Colin
|
| 041 |
0 |
7 |
|a eng
|2 ISO 639-2
|
| 989 |
|
|
|b WOBA
|a World Bank E-Library Archive
|
| 490 |
0 |
|
|a World Bank E-Library Archive
|
| 028 |
5 |
0 |
|a 10.1596/1813-9450-9115
|
| 856 |
4 |
0 |
|u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-9115
|x Verlag
|3 Volltext
|
| 082 |
0 |
|
|a 330
|
| 520 |
|
|
|a Using multiple sources of national- and firm-level data around the world, this paper investigates how the effects of the business environment depend on whether themeasure is de jure or de facto, and how business environment effects differ by ownership and size. The paper compares estimates of business environment effects from three data sources, and modifies the priors on the relative importance of various elements of the business environment. Among four aspects of the business environment, at least two sets are robust and a third set does not contradict the other two: access to finance, electricity, internet, and human capital. The effects of de jure business environment indicators on firm performances depend on measures of contract enforcement. Foreign-owned firms benefit more from the maintenance of physical safety and ease in obtaining construction permits, and gain competitive advantage in productivity when domestic infrastructure or access to finance is worse. Relatively small firms benefit more from corruption control, basic and modern infrastructure, human capital, and land access. Relatively large firms benefit more from physical safety. Access to finance is important for the expansion of smaller firms and the productivity of large firms
|