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220928 ||| eng |
| 020 |
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|a 9781513593920
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| 100 |
1 |
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|a Fouejieu, Armand
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| 245 |
0 |
0 |
|a Pension Reforms in Europe: How Far Have We Come and Gone?
|c Armand Fouejieu, Alvar Kangur, Samuel Romero Martinez, Mauricio Soto
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| 260 |
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|a Washington, D.C.
|b International Monetary Fund
|c 2021
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| 300 |
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|a 93 pages
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| 651 |
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4 |
|a Greece
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| 653 |
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|a Population & demography
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| 653 |
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|a Public Policy
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| 653 |
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|a Private Pensions
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| 653 |
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|a Economics of the Handicapped
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| 653 |
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|a Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
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| 653 |
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|a Pension spending
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| 653 |
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|a Labour
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| 653 |
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|a Retirement Policies
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| 653 |
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|a Social Security and Public Pensions
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| 653 |
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|a Non-labor Market Discrimination
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| 653 |
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|a Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits
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| 653 |
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|a Fiscal Policy
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| 653 |
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|a Fiscal policy
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| 653 |
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|a Economics of the Elderly
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| 653 |
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|a Aging
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| 653 |
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|a Political economy
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| 653 |
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|a Population aging
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| 653 |
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|a Labor
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| 653 |
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|a Population and demographics
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| 653 |
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|a Expenditure
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| 653 |
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|a Retirement
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| 653 |
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|a International institutions
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| 653 |
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|a Demography
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| 653 |
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|a Pension reform
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| 653 |
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|a International Economics
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| 653 |
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|a Pensions
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| 653 |
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|a Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
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| 653 |
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|a Taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Public Finance
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| 653 |
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|a Income economics
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Kangur, Alvar
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Romero Martinez, Samuel
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Soto, Mauricio
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| 041 |
0 |
7 |
|a eng
|2 ISO 639-2
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| 989 |
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|b IMF
|a International Monetary Fund
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| 490 |
0 |
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|a Departmental Papers
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| 028 |
5 |
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|a 10.5089/9781513593920.087
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| 856 |
4 |
0 |
|u https://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/087/2021/016/087.2021.issue-016-en.xml?cid=464651-com-dsp-marc
|x Verlag
|3 Volltext
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| 082 |
0 |
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|a 330
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| 520 |
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|a In the past few decades, a myriad of reforms in Europe have had a significant impact on the way and extent to which public pensions provide retirement income. This departmental paper takes stock of where European pension systems stand and assesses their key characteristics. We present a novel measure of the balance between lifetime benefits and contributions—the Proportionality Measure—to examine pension systems’ long-term sustainability, fairness, and intergenerational equity
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