| Summary: | Bronchoscopy is the insertion of an endoscope in the airways and is generally used for the diagnosis and management of a variety of lung conditions and respiratory disorders. The two main types of bronchoscopy include rigid bronchoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy. Sedation is used during bronchoscopy procedures to facilitate examination of the airways, decrease patient movement, and improve patient safety and comfort. Sedation can be induced with drugs such as benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam), opioids (e.g., fentanyl), propofol, and ketamine. Ketamine is a N-methyl-D aspartate receptor antagonist that produces a dissociative state, in which normally perceived sensory input (sight, hearing, touch) is blocked from reaching consciousness. There is growing interest regarding the use for ketamine and how it compares with other agents for bronchoscopy procedures. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical effectiveness, and safety of ketamine use for bronchoscopy, and to review the evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of ketamine during bronchoscopy
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