Towards Mechanism-based Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome

It has been more than 25 years since the identification of the FMR1 gene and the demonstration of the causative role of CGG-repeat expansion in the disease pathology of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion mutation and the resulting gene silencing still r...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kumari, Daman
Other Authors: Gazy, Inbal
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2019
Subjects:
N/a
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Online Access:
Collection: Directory of Open Access Books - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
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653 |a executive function 
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653 |a histone methylation 
653 |a RNA:DNA hybrid 
653 |a mismatch repair (MMR) 
653 |a adeno-associated virus 
653 |a fragile X syndrome 
653 |a CGG Repeat Expansion Disease 
653 |a brain 
653 |a clinical trials 
653 |a base excision repair (BER) 
653 |a FMRP 
653 |a Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) 
653 |a language development 
653 |a molecular biomarkers 
653 |a pluripotent stem cells 
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653 |a Gene editing 
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653 |a best practices 
653 |a Fmr1 KO mouse 
653 |a treatment development 
653 |a anxiety 
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653 |a targeted treatments 
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653 |a transcription coupled repair (TCR) 
653 |a expansion 
653 |a females 
653 |a Trinucleotide Repeat 4 
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653 |a gene reactivation 
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520 |a It has been more than 25 years since the identification of the FMR1 gene and the demonstration of the causative role of CGG-repeat expansion in the disease pathology of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion mutation and the resulting gene silencing still remain elusive. Our understanding of the pathways impacted by the loss of FMRP function has grown tremendously, and has opened new avenues for targeted treatments for FXS. However, the failure of recent clinical trials that were based on successful preclinical studies using the Fmr1 knockout mouse model has forced the scientific community to revisit clinical trial design and identify objective outcome measures. There has also been a renewed interest in restoring FMR1 gene expression as a possible treatment approach for FXS. This special issue of Brain Sciences highlights the progress that has been made towards understanding the disease mechanisms and how this has informed the development of treatment strategies that are being explored for FXS.