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Biodegradability of Surfactants

The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com­ ponents of household detergents by 'soft&#...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Karsa, D.R. (Editor), Porter, M.R. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 1995, 1995
Edition:1st ed. 1995
Subjects:
Physical Chemistry
Industrial Engineering
Polymers
Analytical Chemistry
Industrial And Production Engineering
Production Engineering
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 3.4 List and synopses of existing methods for ultimate biodegradability
  • 3.5 Analytical methods
  • References
  • 4 Testing strategy and legal requirements
  • 4.1 Selection of tests: strategy of testing
  • 4.2 Validation and interpretation of results
  • 4.3 Legal requirements
  • References
  • 5 Biodegradability of anionic surfactants
  • 5.1 General characteristics of anionic surfactants
  • 5.2 Application of anionic surfactants and their environmental relevance
  • 5.3 Particular structure and application features of anionic surfactants
  • 5.4 Biodegradation of anionic surfactants
  • References
  • 6 Biodegradability of cationic surfactants
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Biodegradability of cationic surfactants in OECD Screening tests
  • 6.3 Behaviour of quaternary ammonium salts in waste water treatment plants
  • 6.4 Biodegradation routes of quaternary ammonium salts
  • References
  • 7 Biodegradability of non-ionic surfactants
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 1 Introduction to surfactant biodegradation
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Biodegradability and the replacement of soap in detergent products
  • 1.3 Biodegradation, biodegradability testing and interpretation of results
  • 1.4 Sewage treatment processes and their significance for surfactants
  • 1.5 Biodegradability test methods for surfactants
  • 1.6 The replacement of tetrapropylene benzene sulphonate (TPBS)
  • 1.7 Surfactant biodegradability and legislation
  • 1.8 Surfactant analysis
  • 1.9 Conclusions and thoughts for the future
  • References
  • 2 What is biodegradation?
  • 2.1 Setting the scene: Microbial nutrition and the carbon cycle
  • 2.2 Surfactants as potential microbial nutrients
  • 2.3 Surfactant biodegradation in the environment
  • 2.4 Laboratory models of surfactant biodegradation
  • References
  • 3 Biodegradability testing
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Nature of biodegradation and influencing factors
  • 3.3 OECD and EEC tests for primary biodegradability of surfactants
  • 7.2 Structure of polyglycol surfactants
  • 7.3 General biodegradability
  • 7.4 Mechanisms of biodegradation
  • 7.5 Biodegradation of polyglycols
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8 Biodegradability of amphoteric surfactants
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Structural elements and biodegradation in general
  • 8.3 Alkyl betaines
  • 8.4 Alkylamido betaines
  • 8.5 Sulphobetaines and hydroxysulphobetaines
  • 8.6 Alkylamphoacetates
  • 8.7 Polycarboxyglycinates
  • 8.8 Alkylamphopropionates
  • 8.9 Imidazolinium betaines
  • Acknowledgements
  • References

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