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Turbulent Diffusion in the Environment

The rather excessive public preoccupation of the immediate past with what has been labeled the 'environmental crisis' is now fortunately being replaced by a more sus­ tained and rational concern with pollution problems by public administrators, engineers, and scientists. It is to be expect...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Csanady, G.T.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 1973, 1973
Edition:1st ed. 1973
Series:Geophysics and Astrophysics Monographs
Subjects:
Atmospheric Science
Oceanography
Ocean Sciences
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 6.17. Approximate Arguments for Plumes in Stratified Surroundings
  • 6.18. Engineering Assessment of Ground Level Pollution from Buoyancy Dominated Plumes
  • 6.19. Effects of Plume Rise on Ground-Level Concentration
  • Appendix to Chapter VI
  • A6.1. Momentum Plumes
  • Exercise
  • References
  • VII. The Fluctuation Problem in Turbulent Diffusion
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Probability Distribution of Concentration
  • 7.3. The Functional Form of the Probability Distribution
  • 7.4. Hazard Assessment on the Basis of Concentration Probabilities
  • 7.5. The Variance of Concentration Fluctuations
  • 7.6. Self-Similar Fluctuation Intensity Distribution
  • 7.7. Fluctuating Plume Model
  • References
  • III. Turbulent Diffusion: Elementary Statistical Theory and Atmospheric Applications
  • 3.1. Fundamental Concepts of Turbulence
  • 3.2. Field Measurements of Concentration and Dosage
  • 3.3. The Statistical Approach to Environmental Diffusion
  • 3.4. ‘Lagrangian’ Properties of Turbulence
  • 3.5. Consequences of Taylor’s Theorem
  • 3.6. The Form of the Particle-Displacement Probability Distribution
  • 3.7. Mean Concentration Field of Continuous Sources
  • 3.8. Apparent Eddy Diffusivity
  • 3.9. Application to Laboratory Experiments
  • 3.10. Application to Atmospheric Diffusion
  • 3.11. Initial Phase of Continuous Plumes
  • 3.12. Atmospheric Cloud Growth far from Concentrated Sources
  • 3.13. The Non-Stationary Character of Atmospheric Turbulence
  • 3.14. The Hay-Pasquill Method of Cloud-Spread Prediction
  • Exercise
  • References
  • IV. ‘Relative’ Diffusion and Oceanic Applications
  • I. Molecular Diffusion
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Concentration
  • 1.3. Flux
  • 1.4. Fick’s Law
  • 1.5. Conservation of Mass
  • 1.6. Instantaneous Plane Source
  • 1.7. Some Simple Examples
  • 1.8. Diffusion of Finite Size Cloud
  • 1.9. ‘Reflection’ at Boundary
  • 1.10. Two- and Three-Dimensional Problems
  • 1.11. Continuous Sources
  • 1.12. Source in Uniform Wind
  • Appendix to Chapter I
  • Exercises
  • References
  • II. Statistical Theory of Diffusion and Brownian Motion
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Dispersion Through Random Movements
  • 2.3. Diffusion with Stationary Velocities
  • 2.4. Brownian Motion
  • 2.5. Dispersion of Brownian Particles
  • 2.6. Simple Random Walk Model
  • 2.7. Reflecting Barrier
  • 2.8. Absorbing Barrier
  • 2.9. Connection of Random Walk to Diffusion Equation
  • 2.10. Deposition on Vertical Surfaces
  • 2.11. Deposition on Horizontal Surfaces
  • Exercises
  • References
  • 4.1. Experimental Basis.-4.2. Mean Concentration Field in a Frame of Reference Attached to the Center of Gravity
  • 4.3. Probability Distributions of Particle Displacements
  • 4.4. Kinematics of Particle Movements in a Moving Frame
  • 4.5. Phases of Cloud Growth
  • 4.6. History of a Concentrated Puff
  • 4.7. Initially Finite Size Cloud
  • 4.8. Use of the Diffusion Equation
  • 4.9. Horizontal Diffusion in the Ocean and Large Lakes
  • 4.10. Application to Diffusion of Sewage Plumes
  • 4.11. Vertical Diffusion in Lakes and Oceans
  • Exercise
  • References
  • V. Dispersion in Shear Flow
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Properties of the Planetary Boundary Layer
  • 5.3. Particle Displacements in a Wall Layer
  • 5.4. Continuous Ground-Level Line Source
  • 5.5. Flux and Eddy Diffusivity
  • 5.6. Comparison with Experiment
  • 5.7. Continuous Point Source at Ground Level
  • 5.8. Use of the Diffusion Equation
  • 5.9. Elevated Sources
  • 5.10. Longitudinal Dispersion in Shear Flow
  • 5.11. Shear-Augmented Diffusion in a Channel
  • 5.12. Dispersion in Natural Streams
  • 5.13. Shear-Augmented Dispersion in Unlimited Parallel Flow
  • 5.14. Diffusion in Skewed Shear Flow
  • References
  • VI. Effects of Density Differences on Environmental Diffusion
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Fundamental Equations
  • 6.3. Approximate Forms of the Equations
  • 6.4. Equations for Turbulent Flow
  • 6.5. Turbulent Energy Equation
  • 6.6. Diffusion Floors and Ceilings
  • 6.7. Diffusion in a Continuously Stratified Fluid
  • 6.8. Velocity Autocorrelation and Particle Spread in Stratified Fluid Model
  • 6.9. Bodily Motion of Buoyant and Heavy Plumes
  • 6.10. Dynamics of a Line Thermal
  • 6.11. Similarity Theory
  • 6.12. Bent-Over Chimney Plumes
  • 6.13. Theory of Buoyancy Dominated Plumes in a Neutral Atmosphere
  • 6.14. Comparison with Observation
  • 6.15. Flow Pattern within aPlume
  • 6.16. Effect of Atmospheric Stratification

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