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Myocardial Contrast Two-dimensional Echocardiography

To our knowledge, this is the first book dealing exclusively with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography (MC-2DE), a new and exciting diagnostic methodology for assessment of myocardial perfusion, which has seen rapid development and has now entered the clinical stage. The experi­ ment...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Meerbaum (Editor), Meltzer, Richard S. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 1989, 1989
Edition:1st ed. 1989
Series:Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine
Subjects:
Cardiology
Angiology
Blood-vessels / Diseases
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 1. Introduction and general background
  • 1. Evolution of echo contrast concepts
  • 2. Assessment of cardiac structures and flow patterns
  • 3. Development of echo contrast agents
  • 4. Consideration of echo contrast mechanism and safety
  • References
  • 2. Development and validation of MC-2DE methodology
  • 1. Initial exploration of MC-2DE and its validity
  • 2. Characteristics and studies of myocardial echo contrasts
  • 3. Echo contrast safety and toxicity
  • 4. Transpulmonary echo contrast investigations
  • 5. Quantitative MC-2DE methods and their limitations
  • 6. MC-2DE measurement of ischemic risk area and infarcts
  • 7. Assessment of coronary stenosis and myocardial blood flow
  • 8. Physiological studies and miscellaneous MC-2DE applications
  • 9. Initial clinical MC-2DE reports
  • 10. Potential surgical application of MC-2DE
  • References
  • 3. Contrast agents for myocardial perfusion studies: Mechanisms, state of the art, and future prospects
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Myocardial contrast echocardiography in relation to regional myocardial perfusion
  • 3. Contrast echocardiography during coronary angioplasty
  • 4. Assessment of coronary vascular reserve by myocardial contrast echocardiography
  • 5. Safety of myocardial contrast echocardiography in humans
  • 6. Limitations
  • 7. Perspectives and future directions
  • Acknowledgement
  • References
  • 13. The issue of an intravenous MC-2DE methodology. A typical early study
  • Section One: Recapitulation of problems and potentials by the volume-editor Samuel Meerbaum
  • Section Two: Evaluation of myocardial echo enhancement by intra venous contrast echomyography in dogs
  • Section Three: Present developments, progress and prospects by the volume-editor Samuel Meerbaum
  • References
  • 14. Current perspective and future prospects
  • 1. General MC-2DE capabilities and limitations
  • 2. Quantitation of myocardial perfusion
  • 3. Efforts aimed at clinical application
  • 4. Future prospects
  • 9. Assessment of contrast decay half life by MC-2DE: Preliminary clinical experience
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Echocontrast agents
  • 3. Registration of myocardial contrast echocardiograms
  • 4. Analysis of MC-2DE images
  • 5. T50 values derived from MC-2DE
  • 6. Safety of MC-2DE
  • 7. Reproducibility of T50 measurements
  • 8. Clinical applications of T50
  • 9. Limitations and future prospects
  • References
  • 10. Clinical trials with a new myocardial contrast agents
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Qualitative contrast echocardiography in humans
  • 3. Quantitative contrast echocardiography in humans
  • 4. Future directions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 11. Clinical evaluation of severity of coronary arterial stenosis by contrast echomyocardiography
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2. Method
  • 3. Results
  • 4. Discussion
  • 5. Summary
  • References
  • 12. Clinical applications of myocardial contrast echocardiography
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The source of ultrasonic contrast effect
  • 3. Physical influences on ultrasonic contrast effect
  • 4. Specific agents reported as echocardiographic contrast agents
  • 5. The use of high intensity sonication for microbubble creation
  • 6. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 4. Significance and selection of contrast solution for myocardial contrast echocardiography
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Current echo contrast media
  • 3. Properties of the ECM: Microbubble size, osmolality, viscosity, and stability
  • 4. Evaluation of the echo contrast media used so far
  • 5. Echo contrast safety and effectiveness
  • 6. Some conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 5. Side effects and potential toxicity of myocardial contrast echo Cardiography
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Possible mechanisms of toxicity
  • 3. Animal studies
  • 4. Human experience
  • 5. Conclusions
  • References
  • 6. Ischemic ‘risk area’ determination using myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography
  • 1. What is the ‘risk area’?
  • 2. What is the significance of the ‘risk area’ ?
  • 3. A historical perspective to the measurement of ‘risk area’
  • 4. Role of MCE is the assessment of ‘risk area’
  • 5. The lateral borders of the ‘risk area’
  • 6. Summary
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 7. Quantitation of regional myocardial perfusion using myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography
  • 1. Coronary blood flow versus nutrient (myocardial) blood flow
  • 2. Large microbubbles and blood flow
  • 3. Small microbubbles and blood flow
  • 4. Summary
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8. Coronary venous myocardial contrast echocardiography
  • 1. The rational of retrograde infusions
  • 2. Experimental retrograde MC-2DE models
  • 3. Experimental observations
  • 4. Suitability and limitations of the retrograde MC-2DE method
  • 5. Future retrograde MC-2DE potentials and prospects 148 References

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