The Indian Ocean: Exploitable Mineral and Petroleum Resources
Exploration of marine minerals by geologists and oceanographers started more than a century ago, but at that time this type of work was largely confined to the intertidal zones and shallow waters, as these areas were easily accessible. There are also records of several investigations carried out dur...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1986, 1986
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| Edition: | 1st ed. 1986 |
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| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- 9.4 Diatom Oozes
- 9.5 Building Material
- 10 Mining and Environment
- 10.1 Mining Activity for Hard Minerals in Shallow-Water Regions
- 10.2 Environmental Impacts of Dredging
- 10.3 Mining of Phosphorites
- 10.4 Deep Sea Bed Mining
- 10.5 The Red Sea Metalliferous Muds and Sediments
- 10.6 Legal Considerations
- References
- 6.3 Ferromanganese Encrustations (Ridge Crest and Seamount Deposits)
- 6.4 Formation of Marine Ferromanganese Nodules and Encrustations
- 6.5 Occurrence of Ferromanganese Nodules in the Indian Ocean
- 7 Metalliferous Sediments and Hydrothermal Ores
- 7.1 Metalliferous Sediments Associated with Hydrothermal Activity
- 7.2 Metalliferous Sediments Found Away from Hydrothermal Activity Zones and in Open Oceans
- 7.3 Red Sea Geothermal Deposits
- 7.4 Main Indian Ocean
- 8. Subsurface Sea Bed Deposits: Petroleum and Natural Gas
- 8.1 Deposits Below the Sea Bed
- 8.2 Geological Regions of Deep Water Areas
- 8.3 Origin of Hydrocarbons
- 8.4 Margins of the Indian Ocean
- 8.5 Petroleum Potential of Sea Bed Provinces Beyond the Continental Slope
- 8.6 Petroleum Occurrences and Exploration Activity Around the Margins of the Indian Ocean
- 9 Other Deposits. Unconsolidated Organic and Inorganic Deposits
- 9.1 Organic Sediments
- 9.2 Calcareous Oozes
- 9.3 Red Clay Deposits
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 Minerals and Resources
- 1.3 Physiographic Divisions of the Ocean and Their Potential Mineral Deposits
- 1.4 The Indian Ocean - Its Area and Associates
- 1.5 Outline of the Minerals in the Indian Ocean
- 2 Origin and Development of the Indian Ocean
- 2.1 Origin and Development from Pangaea to Gondwanaland to Recent Times
- 2.2 Structure and Physiography of the Indian Ocean
- 2.3 Bathymetry and Bottom Characteristics
- 2.4 Sediment Distribution on the Indian Ocean Floor
- 3 Exploration Methods
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Exploration Technique
- 4 Placer Deposits
- 4.1 Formation of Placer Deposits
- 4.2 Classification
- 4.3 Environment and Occurrence
- 5 Phosphorite
- 5.1 Mineralogy and Geochemistry
- 5.2 Form
- 5.3 Environment of Formation of Phosphorites
- 5.4 Occurrences
- 5.5 Resource Position
- 6 Ferromanganese Nodules and Encrustations
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Ferromanganese Nodules