Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II
The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200 m ) through which the body is exposed to its environ ment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into...
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Format: | eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1984, 1984
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Edition: | 1st ed. 1984 |
Series: | Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | |
Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- N. Effect of Membrane Polarity on Penetration of Passively Transported Molecules
- O. Anomalous Behavior of Diffusion of Certain Solutes Across the Intestine
- P. Methods Available for the Measurement of the Dimensions of the Unstirred Water Layer
- Q. Examples of the Effect of Unstirred Water Layers on Intestinal Transport
- References
- 22 Intestinal Permeation of Organic Bases and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- A. Introduction
- B. Absorption of Organic Bases and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- C. Intestinal Secretion of Organic Cations
- D. A Concept for the Intestinal Permeation of Organic Cations
- E. Comparative Aspects of Organic Cation Secretion
- F. Conclusions
- References
- 23 Role of Blood Flow in Intestinal Permeation
- A. Introduction
- B. Methods
- C. Theoretical Considerations
- D. Experimental Data
- E. Concluding Remarks
- References
- 24 Hormonal Effects on Intestinal Permeability
- A. Introduction
- B. Gastrin
- C. Cholecystokinin
- D. Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
- E. Secretin
- F. Insulin
- G. Glucagon
- H. Other Gastrointestinal Polypeptides
- J. General Remarks on the Effects of Gastrointestinal Hormones on Intestinal Permeation
- References
- 25 The Influence of Opiates on Intestinal Transport
- A. Introduction
- B. In Vivo Studies
- C. In Vitro Studies
- D. Ion Flux Responses
- E. Antisecretory Activity
- F. Summary
- References
- 26 Effect of Cholera Enterotoxin on Intestinal Permeability
- A. Introduction
- B. Cholera Enterotoxin-Intestinal Interaction
- C. Role of Increased Filtration in the Production of Cholera-Induced Intestinal Secretion
- D. Conclusion
- References
- 27 Aspects of Bacterial Enterotoxins Other than Cholera onIntestinal Permeability
- A. Introduction
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Shigella
- D. Prostaglandin Released from Inflamed Tissue and Fluid and Electrolyte Secretion
- E. Salmonella
- F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- G. Campylobacter fetus
- 18 Intestinal Absorption of Xenobiotics.
- A. Introduction
- B. Drug Absorption and Pharmacologic Response
- C. The Side of Drug Absorption
- D. The Intestinal Barrier and its Permeability
- E. Factors Which Influence the Intestinal Absorption of Xenobiotics
- References
- 19 Role of Digestive Enzymes in the Permeability of the Enterocyte
- A. Introduction
- B. Relationship Between the Hydrolytic and Transport Systems of the Enterocytes
- C. Enzyme Apparatus of the Apical Membrane of the Enterocytes
- D. Characterization of the Transport of Free Monomers and Hydrolysis-Released Monomers
- E. The Enzyme Transport Complexes of the Apical Membrane of the Enterocytes
- F. Conclusion
- References
- 20 The Surface pH of the Intestinal Mucosa and its Significance in the Permeability of Organic Anions.
- A. Introduction
- B. Intestinal pH Measurements
- C. Acidification Studies
- D. The Intestinal Acid Microclimate
- E. Alternative Concepts
- D. Influence of Drugs on Intestinal Permeability
- E. Intestinal Permeability in Disease
- References
- H. Yersinia enterocolitica
- J. Noncoliform Enterobacteriaceae
- K. Food Poisoning Organisms
- L. Staphylococcus
- M. Additional Mechanisms for Toxin-Mediated Permeation Defects
- References
- 28 Mechanisms of Action of Laxative Drugs
- A. Introduction
- B. Intestinal Tract Smooth Muscle Response to Laxatives
- C. Effects of Laxatives on Fluid and Electrolyte Movement
- D. Bulk and Dietary Fibers
- E. Summary
- References
- 29 Action Mechanisms of Secretagogue Drugs
- A. Introduction
- B. Theoretical Considerations
- C. Triarylmethane and Anthraquinone Derivatives
- D. Surfactants
- E. General Summary and Concluding Remarks
- References
- 30 Use and Abuse of Cathartics
- A. Introduction
- B. Classification
- C. Indications for Use
- D. Laxative Abuse
- E. Summary
- References
- 31 Intestinal Permeability Studies in Humans
- A. Introduction
- B. Methods for Studying Intestinal Permeability in Humans
- C. Permeability Characteristics of the Human Gut
- F. Absorption and the Microclimate Hypothesis: Three Paradigms
- G. Modelling the System
- H. Conclusion
- References
- 21 The Role of the Unstirred Water Layer in Intestinal Permeation
- A. Unstirred Water Layers: Historical and Conceptual Background
- B. Water Compartments In and Around the Intestinal Mucosal Cell
- C. Comparison of Dimensions of the Unstirred Water Layer with Morphological Parameters
- D. The Glycocalyx and Mucus as Diffusion Barriers
- E. Intestinal Membrane Structure
- F. Movement of Solutes Across Biologic Membranes: General Principles
- G. Effects of Aqueous Diffusion Barriers on Solute Movement
- H. A Consideration of Surface Areas
- J. Consequences of Failure to Correct for the Unstirred Water Layer and Passive Permeation
- K. Diffusion Barriers of Greater Complexity
- L. Possible Functional Heterogeneity of the Villus
- M. Effect of Carrier Molecules, Solubility of Probe, and Metabolism in the Cytosolic Compartment