Embryology of Angiosperms
Thirty-four years have elapsed since the publication of the late Professor P. Maheshwari's text, An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms, a work which for many years served as an invaluable guide for students and a rich source book for research workerso Various texts dealing with secti...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1984, 1984
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| Edition: | 1st ed. 1984 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- 10.2.2 Formation of Endosperm and Embryo
- 10.2.3 Male Meiosis and the Male Gametophyte
- 10.3 Apomixis and Sexuality
- 10.3.1 Sexual Potentials in Gametophytic Apomicts
- 10.3.2 Possibilities of Influencing the Degree of Apomixis
- 10.4 Causes and Consequences of Apomixis
- 10.4.1 Heterozygosity and Variability
- 10.4.2 Causes of Gametophytic Apomixis; Components of Apomixis in Sexual Plants
- 10.4.3 Apomixis and Polyploidy
- 10.4.4 Agamic Species Complexes and Their Evolution
- 10.5 Genetics of Gametophytic Apomixis
- 10.5.1 Dominant or Recessive Inheritance?
- 10.5.2 Some Critical Remarks
- 10.5.3 Some Results, Conclusions, and Prospects
- 10.6 Apomixis and Breeding Conclusions
- References
- 11 Role of Polyploidy in Reproductive Organs and Tissues
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Methods of Polyploidization and Ploidy Determination
- 11.2.1 Acytokinetic Mitosis (AM)
- 11.2.2 Spindle Fusion (SF)
- 11.2.3 Restitutional Mitosis (RM)
- 11.2.4 Endomitosis (Em)
- 6.5.3 Growth Through the Filiform Apparatus
- 6.5.4 Entry into the Synergid
- 6.5.5 Transfer of Tube Content
- 6.6 Fusion of Gametes
- 6.6.1 Fusion of Nuclei
- 6.7 The Progamic Phase and Fertilization
- References
- 7 The Endosperm
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Nuclear Endosperm
- 7.2.1 Wall Formation
- 7.2.2 Cucurbitaceae
- 7.2.3 Leguminosae
- 7.2.4 Palmae
- 7.2.5 Proteaceae
- 7.2.6 Histochemistry and Ultrastructure
- 7.3 Cellular Endosperm
- 7.3.1 Acanthaceae
- 7.3.2 Cyrillaceae
- 7.3.3 Gesneriaceae
- 7.3.4 Icacinaceae
- 7.3.5 Santalaceae
- 7.3.6 Loasaceae
- 7.3.7 Loranthaceae
- 7.3.8 Scrophulariaceae
- 7.3.9 Histochemistry and Ultrastructure
- 7.4 Helobial Endosperm
- 7.4.1 Salient Features in Monocotyledons
- 7.4.2 Histochemistry and Ultrastructure
- 7.5 Ruminate Endosperm
- 7.6 Central Cell
- 7.6.1 Central Cell Cytoplasm
- 7.6.2 Central Cell Nucleus
- 7.6.3 Covering of the Central Cell
- 7.7 Wall Formation in Endosperm
- Then and Now
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Techniques to Study Embryology
- 1.3 Embryo Sacs in Anthers
- 1.3.1 Leptomeria
- 1.3.2 Calotis
- 1.3.3 Hyacinthus
- 1.4 Fritillaria Type of Embryo Sac
- 1.5 Unusual Embryological Features in Loranthaceae
- 1.5.1 Ovary-Ovule Complex
- 1.5.2 Embryo Sac
- 1.5.3 Endosperm
- 1.5.4 Embryo
- 1.5.5 Reproductive Calendar in Struthanthus vulgaris
- 1.6 Nutrition of the Ovule and Seed
- 1.6.1 Vascular Supply
- 1.6.2 Haustoria
- 1.6.3 Transfer Cells
- 1.7 Role of Persistent Pollen Tubes
- 1.8 Embryos of Doubtful Origin
- 1.8.1 Antipodal Embryos
- 1.8.2 Endospermal Embryos
- 1.9 Gymnospermous Characters in Angiosperms
- 1.9.1 Tambourissa
- 1.9.2 Butomopsis
- 1.9.3 Paeonia
- 1.10 Future Research
- References
- 2 The Microsporangium
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Morphology and Structure
- 2.3 Ontogeny
- 2.4 Wall Layers
- 2.4.1 Epidermis
- 2.4.2 Endothecium
- 2.4.3 Middle Layers
- 2.4.4 Tapetum
- 8.11.1 Embryogeny in Paeonia
- 8.11.2 Embryos Devoid of Organs
- 8.11.3 Chimeral Embryos
- 8.12 Concluding Remarks
- References
- 9 Polyembryony
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Classification
- 9.2.1 Simple Polyembryony
- 9.2.2 Multiple Polyembryony
- 9.3 Nucellar Polyembryony
- 9.3.1 Rutaceae
- 9.3.2 Anacardiaceae
- 9.3.3 Myrtaceae
- 9.3.4 Cactaceae
- 9.3.5 Orchidaceae
- 9.4 Integumentary Polyembryony
- 9.4.1 Endothelial Polyembryony
- 9.5 Zygotic and Suspensor Polyembryony
- 9.5.1 Zygotic Polyembryony
- 9.5.2 Suspensor Polyembryony
- 9.6 Synergid Polyembryony
- 9.6.1 Twins and Triplets
- 9.7 Polyembryony in Hybrids
- 9.8 Causes of Polyembryony
- 9.9 Induction of Polyembryony
- 9.10 Utilization of Plural Embryos
- References
- 10 Gametophytic Apomixis
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.1.1 Definitions
- 10.1.2 Synonyms
- 10.1.3 Remarks on Terminology
- 10.2 Embryology of Gametophytic Apomicts
- 10.2.1 Development of Unreduced Embryo Sacs
- Structure
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.1.1 Importance of Seeds
- 12.1.2 Historical Survey
- 12.2 Structure of Seeds
- 12.2.1 General Morphology
- 12.2.2 Vascular Supply of the Seed
- 12.2.3 Seed Types
- 12.2.4 Development and Structure of Seed-coats
- 12.2.5 Differentiation
- 12.2.6 The Seed-coat Surface
- 12.2.7 Stomata in Seed-coats
- By-Product
- 2.6 Tapetal Membrane: Structure, Origin, and Significance
- 2.7 Pollenkitt and Tryphine
- 2.8 Sporogenous Tissue: Ultrastructure
- 2.8.1 Cytoplasmic Membranes and Ribosome Population
- 2.8.2 Nucleus
- 2.8.3 Nucleolar Cycle
- 2.8.4 Cytoplasmic Organelles During Meiosis
- 2.8.5 Plasmodesmata and Cytoplasmic Connections
- 2.9 Initiation and Control of Meiosis
- 2.9.1 Duration of Meiosis
- 2.9.2 Synthesis of Callose: Deposition and Significance
- 2.9.3 Cytokinesis
- 2.9.4 Cellulosic Wall of Microspore Mother Cell
- 2.10 Some Unusual Features
- 2.11 Conclusions
- References
- 3 The Ovule
- 3.1 Historical
- 3.2 Ovular Morphology
- 3.3 Ovule Initiation
- 3.4 Nucellus
- 3.5 Megasporogenesis
- 3.6 Integuments
- 3.7 Types of Ovules
- 3.8 Vascular Supply of the Ovule
- 3.9 Special Structures
- 3.10 Ovule Reduction
- 3.11 Concluding Remarks
- References
- 14.2 Embryological Features of Taxonomic Importance
- 14.3 Applications of Embryology to Problems of Family Relationships
- 14.3.1 Podostemaceae
- 14.3.2 Basellaceae
- 14.3.3 Stachyuraceae
- 14.3.4 Frankeniaceae -
- 5.4 Pollen Germination and Pistil Interactions
- 5.4.1 Pollen Quality
- 5.4.2 Pollen Germination and Tube Development
- 5.4.3 Diagnostic Landmarks of Pollination
- 5.4.4 Role of Pollen in Fertilization and Seed-setting
- 5.5 Pollen-wall Proteins and Allergens
- 5.6 Conclusions and Future Developments
- References
- 6 Fertilization
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Stigma and Style
- 6.2.1 Function and Structure of the Stigma
- 6.2.2 The Nature of the Stigma Covering
- 6.2.3 Function and Structure of the Style
- 6.3 Pollen Germination
- 6.3.1 Sticking and Hydration
- 6.3.2 Pollen Tube Formation and Growth
- 6.3.3 The Sperm Cell
- 6.4 Pollen-Pistil Interaction
- 6.4.1 Pollen Recognition, Acceptance, and Rejection
- 6.4.2 Pollen Incompatibility
- 6.4.3 Entry of Pollen Tube into Stigma and Style
- 6.4.4 Pollination Effects
- 6.5 Entrance and Discharge in Embryo Sac
- 6.5.1 Course of the Pollen Tube
- 6.5.2 Entry into the Embryo Sac
- 4 The Female Gametophyte
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Types of Megagametophyte Development
- 4.3 Development of the Megagametophyte
- 4.3.1 The Megaspore
- 4.3.2 The Coenocytic Megagametophyte
- 4.4 The Relation with the Nucellar Tissue
- 4.5 Organization of the Embryo Sac
- 4.5.1 The Synergids
- 4.5.2 The Egg Cell
- 4.5.3 The Central Cell
- 4.5.4 The Antipodal Cells
- 4.6 Female Gametophyte Development
- References
- 5 The Pollen Grain
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Pollen Structure and Cytochemistry
- 5.2.1 Pollen Shape
- 5.2.2 Pollen Cytology
- 5.2.3 Pollen-wall Structure
- 5.2.4 The Pollen Tube
- 5.2.5 Structural Adaptations of Pollen for Dispersal
- 5.3 Formation of Pollen
- 5.3.1 Cytology of Development
- 5.3.2 The Primexine
- 5.3.3 Establishment of Apertures
- 5.3.4 Exine Differentiation and Maturation
- 5.3.5 Intine Synthesis and Deposition
- 5.3.6 Mechanism of Cohesion in Composite Pollen
- 5.3.7 Pollen Sterility
- Structure and Function
- 8.11 Deviations from Usual Development
- Germination
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 General Considerations
- 13.2.1 Internal Morphology
- 13.2.2 Composition of Seeds and Reserve Foods
- 13.3 Germination: Structural, Compositional, and Physiological Changes
- 13.3.1 Dicotyledons
- 13.3.2 Monocotyledons
- 13.4 Storage and Aging of Seeds: Structure and Physiology
- References
- 14 Embryology and Taxonomy
- 14.1 Introduction