Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts
The advent of artificial earth satellites in 1957-58 opened a new dimension in the field of geophysical exploration. Discovery of the earth's radiation belts, consisting of energetic electrons and ions (chiefly protons) trapped by the geomagnetic field, followed almost immediately [1,2]' T...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1974, 1974
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| Edition: | 1st ed. 1974 |
| Series: | Physics and Chemistry in Space
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- I. Adiabatic Invariants and Magnetospheric Models
- I.1 Preliminary Considerations
- I.2 Action-Angle Variables
- I.3 Liouville’s Theorem
- I.4 The Dipole Field
- I.5 The Distorted Field
- I.6 Magnetospheric Electric Fields
- I.7 Flux Mapping and Shell Tracing
- II. Pitch-Angle Diffusion
- II.1 Violation of an Adiabatic Invariant
- II.2 Collisions
- II.3 Wave-Particle Interactions
- II.4 Bounce Resonance
- II.5 Cyclotron Resonance
- II.6 Limit on Trapped Flux
- II.7 Weak Diffusion and Strong Diffusion
- III. Radial Diffusion
- III.1 Violation of the Third Invariant
- III.2 Magnetic Impulses
- III.3 Electrostatic Impulses
- III.4 Bounce Resonance
- III.5 Cyclotron Resonance
- III.6 Bohm Diffusion
- III.7 Shell Splitting
- III.8 Diffusion in More Than One Mode
- IV. Prototype Observations
- IV.1 Preliminary Considerations
- IV.2 Decay of Particle Flux (Inner Zone)
- IV.3 Decay of Particle Flux (Outer Zone)
- IV.4 Statistical Observations
- IV.5 Static Flux Profiles
- IV.6 Time-Varying Flux Profiles
- I V.7 Fluctuating Magnetospheric Fields
- IV.8 Drift Echoes
- V. Methods of Empirical Analysis
- V.1 Basic Objectives
- V.2 Pitch-Angle Eigenmodes
- V.3 Quadrature (Spatial)
- V.4 Quadrature (Temporal)
- V.5 Variational Method
- V.6 Temporal Integration
- V.7 Spatial Integration
- VI. Summary
- References
- Frequently used Symbols