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Herbicide Classes in Development Mode of Action, Targets, Genetic Engineering, Chemistry

Chemical pest control is in use in practically every country in the world since agrochemicals play a decisive role in ensuring food supply and protection against damage by pests, insects and pathogenic fungi. Particularly in the half­ century since World War II, food production has risen dramaticall...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Böger, Peter (Editor), Wakabayashi, Ko (Editor), Hirai, Kenji (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2002, 2002
Edition:1st ed. 2002
Subjects:
Environmental Chemistry
Soil Science
Botany
Chemistry, Technical
Biochemistry
Agriculture
Plant Science
Industrial Chemistry
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 5.4 Mode of Action of Cyclohexanedione and Aryloxyphenoxypropanoate Herbicides
  • 5.5 Assays for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Activity
  • 5.6 Molecular Genetics of Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors
  • References
  • 6 Inhibitors of Biosynthesis of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Model System
  • 6.3 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition in Intact Leaves
  • 6.4 The Cell-Free Elongase System
  • 6.5 Assumptions of the Reaction Mechanism
  • 6.6 Considerations on Resistance
  • References
  • 7 Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor Herbicides
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Mode of Action Studies
  • 7.3 Resistant Biotypes
  • 7.4 Habituation
  • 7.5 The Unusual Case of Quinclorac
  • 7.6 Conspectus
  • References
  • 8 Inhibitors of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase: A Brief Update
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action
  • 8.3 Biochemical Characterization of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase
  • 11 Diverse Response of Plants Towards Chiral Phytotoxic Chemicals
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Diverse Response of Optically Active Herbicides
  • 11.3 Diverse Response of Plants Through Chirality
  • 11.4 Chirality and Activity Relationship
  • References
  • 12 Transcuticular Penetration of Foliar-Applied Pesticides - Its Analysis by a Logistic-Kinetic Penetration Model
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Overview
  • 12.3 Logistic-Kinetic Transcuticular Penetration Model of Foliar-Applied Pesticides
  • 12.4 Parameters and Factors Governing Transcuticular Penetration Kinetics of Foliar-Applied Pesticides
  • 12.5 Effects of Adjuvants on Transcuticular Penetration Kinetics of Foliar-Applied Pesticides
  • 12.6 Discussion and Conclusions
  • References
  • 13 Structure-Activity Correlation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition by Herbicides
  • 8.4 Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Genes and Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Plants
  • 8.5 Recent Advances in QSAR Studies
  • 8.6 Antioxidative Stress Responses of Plants to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors
  • References
  • 9 Genetic Engineering of Herbicide-Resistant Plants
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Strategy
  • 9.3 Cloning of the Genes
  • 9.4 Gene Transfer
  • 9.5 Vector Constructs
  • 9.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 10 Major Synthetic Routes for Modern Herbicide Classes and Agrochemical Characteristics
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors
  • 10.3 Carotenogenesis Inhibitors
  • 10.4 Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors
  • 10.5 Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors
  • 10.6 Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Inhibitors
  • 10.7 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids Biosynthesis Inhibitors
  • 10.8 Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors
  • 10.9 Protoporphyrinogen-IX Oxidase Inhibitors
  • 10.10 Notes
  • Patent Literature
  • 13.3 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition by Thenylchlor and Its Analogs
  • 13.4 Action of Cafenstrole and its Analogs
  • 13.5 Action of Indanofan and its Analogs
  • 13.6 Outlook
  • References
  • 1 Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides Actively Developed in the Late 1990s
  • 1.3 Discovery of Pyrimidinyl Carboxy Herbicides (Pyrimidinylsalicylate Class Herbicides)
  • 1.4 Herbicidal Activity of Pyrimidinyl Carboxy Herbicides
  • 1.5 Physiological Plant Response to Pyrimidinyl Carboxy Herbicides
  • 1.6 Mode of Action and Selectivity of Pyrimidinyl Carboxy Herbicides
  • 1.7 Biological Characteristics of the Target Enzyme
  • 1.8 Inhibition Mechanism of the Target Enzyme by Pyrimidinyl Carboxy Herbicides
  • 1.9 Molecular Genetics of Target Enzyme
  • References
  • 2 Bleaching Herbicides: Action Mechanism in Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Structural Requirements and Engineering of Resistance
  • 2.1 Herbicidal Effect and Mode of Action
  • 2.2 Interaction of Inhibitors with Carotene Desaturation
  • 2.3 Structural Requirements for an Inhibitor of Phytoene Desaturase
  • 2.4 Strategies for Genetic Engineering of Herbicide Resistance by Modification of the Carotenogenic Pathway
  • 2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives
  • References
  • 3 Inhibitors of Aromatic Amino Acid Biosynthesis (Glyphosate)
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Symptoms of Herbicidal Activity
  • 3.3 Mode of Action of Glyphosate
  • 3.4 Mechanisms for Resistance and Tolerance to Glyphosate
  • 3.5 Summary
  • References
  • 4 Inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Plant Glutamine Synthetase Isoforms and Their Function
  • 4.3 Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors
  • 4.4 Discovery of the Herbicidal Activity of Phosphinothricin and Bialaphos
  • 4.5 Mode of Glutamine Synthetase Inhibition
  • 4.6 Effects of Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors in Plants
  • 4.7 Attempts to Generate Selectivity for Glufosinate
  • References
  • 5 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Symptoms of Herbicidal Activity
  • 5.3 Biochemical Characteristics of the Target Enzyme

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