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The Gas Exchangers Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Respiratory Processes

"Amongst animals, diversity of form and of environmental circumstances have given rise to a multitude of different adap­ tations subserving the relatively unified patterns of cellular metabolism. Nowhere else is this state of affairs better exem­ plified than in the realm of respiration"....

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Maina, John N.
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 1998, 1998
Edition:1st ed. 1998
Series:Zoophysiology
Subjects:
Human Physiology
Physiology
Animal Physiology
Biochemistry
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 1.16 The Rise of the Level of Molecular O2: a Curse or a Blessing?
  • 1.17 The Evolution of Complex Metabolic Processes
  • 1.18 Oxygen and CO2 as Biochemical Factors in Respiration
  • 1.19 Homeostasis: the Role of Respiration
  • 2 Essence of the Designs of Gas Exchangers — the Imperative Concepts
  • 2.1 Innovations and Maximization of Respiratory Efficiency
  • 2.2 Safety Factors and Margins of Operation of Gas Exchangers
  • 2.3 Engineering Principles in the Design of the Gas Exchangers
  • 2.4 Scopes and Limitations in the Design and Refinement of the Gas Exchangers
  • 2.5 Optimal Designs in Biology and Gas Exchangers in Particular
  • 2.6 Fractal Geometry: a Novel Approach for Discerning Biological Form
  • 2.7 From Diffusion, Perfusion, and Ventilation to Respiratory Pigments
  • 2.8 Blood and the Respiratory Pigments
  • 2.9 Energetic Cost and Efficiency of Respiration
  • 2.10Modeling: Utility in Study of Integrative Construction of the Gas Exchangers
  • 5.1 The Water-Air Interface: an Abstract Respiratory Rubicon
  • 5.2 Strategies and Adaptive Convergence for Air Breathing
  • 5.3 Risks, Costs, and Benefits in the Change to Air Breathing
  • 5.4 CO2 Elimination: Impediment to Evolution of Air Breathing and Terrestriality
  • 5.5 Control and Coordination of the Bimodal Gas Exchange Process
  • 5.6 Taxa with Notable Propensity for Bimodal Breathing
  • 6 Air Breathing: the Elite Respiration
  • 6.1 Is the Surface of the Lung Dry, Moist, or Wet? Do Real Air Breathers Exist?
  • 6.2 Lung and Swim Bladder - Which Developed Earlier and for What Purpose?
  • 6.3 Evolution of Air Breathing and Terrestriality: the Limitations
  • 6.4 Aerial Gas Exchangers: Structural and Functional Diversity
  • 6.5 The Diffusive Type Gas Exchangers
  • 6.6 The Mixed Type Gas Exchangers
  • 6.7 The Convective Type Gas Exchangers
  • 6.8 The Internal Subdivision of the Lung: the Functional Implications
  • 1 Perspectives on Life and Respiration: How, When, and Wherefore
  • 1.1 Life: Diversity, Complexity, and Uniformity Fabricated on Simplicity
  • 1.2 The Earth: a Highly Dynamic Planet
  • 1.3 Factors that Encouraged the Evolution of Life on Earth
  • 1.4 Oxygen: a Vital Molecular Resource for Life
  • 1.5 Anaerobic Metabolism and Adaptive Success in Animals
  • 1.6 Evolved Mechanisms and Strategies of Procuring Molecular O­2
  • 1.7 Explicating the Process of Evolution of Respiration: Limitations
  • 1.8 Plans and Performance Measures of the Gas Exchangers
  • 1.9 The Early Anoxic Earth and the Evolution of Life
  • 1.10 Abundance of Molecular O2 in the Earth’s Biosphere
  • 1.11 Shift from Anaerobiotic to Aerobiotic State in the Early Earth
  • 1.12 Accretion of Molecular O2
  • 1.13 CO2 Pulses in the Biosphere
  • 1.14 The Overt and Covert Roles of O2 in Colonization and Extinctions of Biota
  • 1.15 Oxygen: a Paradoxical Molecule
  • 3 Gas Exchange Media, Respiratory States, and Environments
  • 3.1 Water and Air as Respiratory Media: General Considerations
  • 3.2 Physical Charateristics of Water and Air
  • 3.3 The Distribution of Water and Air on Earth
  • 3.4 Water: a Respirable Medium and an Integral Molecule for Life
  • 3.5 Terrestrial Habitation and Utilization of Atmospheric O2
  • 3.6 Hydrogen Sulfide Habitats. Tolerance and Utilization
  • 3.7 The Porosphere and Fossorial Respiration
  • 3.8 Living at High Altitude: Coping with Hypoxia and Hypobaria
  • 3.9 Gravity: Effects on Respiratory Form and Function
  • 4 Water Breathing: the Inaugural Respiratory Process
  • 4.1 The Design of the Gills
  • 4.2 Adaptive Diversity and Heterogeneity of Gill Form
  • 4.3 The Functional Innovations of the Gills for Aquatic Respiration
  • 4.4 The Simple Gills
  • 4.5 The Complex Gills
  • 4.6 The Water Lungs
  • 4.7 The Placenta: an Ephemeral Liquid to Liquid Gas Exchanger
  • 5 Bimodal Breathing: Compromise Respiration
  • 6.9 The Surfactant: a Versatile Surface Lining of the Gas Exchangers
  • 6.10 Nonrespiratory Roles of the Gas Exchangers
  • 6.11 The Implications of Liquid Breathing in Air Breathers
  • 6.12 Physical Gill and the Plastron: a Unique Underwater Respiratory Strategy
  • 6.13 The Cleidoic Egg: a Fascinating Gas Exchanger
  • 6.14 The Bottom Line
  • References

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