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Substituent Effects in Organic Polarography

During the forty years which have passed since Masuzo Shikata published his paper on the reduction of nitrobenzene at a dropping mercury electrode, the number of polarographic studies of organic compounds in the literature has risen to several thousands. The ever­ increasing amount of experimental d...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zuman, Petr
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York, NY Springer US 1967, 1967
Edition:1st ed. 1967
Subjects:
Chemistry, Organic
Organic Chemistry
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 2. Effect of Ring Size and Type on an Electroactive Group Attached to the Ring
  • 3. Effect of Ring Size and Type on Electroactive Groups that Form Part of the Cyclic System
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Author Index
  • I Introduction
  • 1. Development of the Study of Structural Relations
  • 2. Classification of Structural Effects
  • 3. Techniques in the Polarographic Study of Structural Effects
  • II General Equation for the Relation Between the Polarographic Half-Wave Potentials and Substituent Effects
  • 1. General
  • 2. Influence of Polar Effects
  • 3. Influence of Polar and Resonance Effects in Combination
  • 4. Influence of Polar and Steric Effects in Combination
  • 5. The General Case
  • 6. The Role and Importance of the General Equation
  • 7. The Conditions for the Application of the General Equation
  • III Benzene Derivatives
  • 1. General
  • 2. Selection of Values of the Substituent Constants
  • 3. Selection and Treatment of Half-Wave Potential Values
  • 4. Reaction Series for which Equations (27), (31), and (37) Hold
  • 5. Range of Validity of Equation (27); Significance of Deviations for the Discussion of Electrode Process Mechanism
  • 6. Additivity of Substituent Effects
  • 5. Effect of Transfer Coefficient.
  • 6. Additivity of Substituent Effects
  • 7. Factors Affecting the Value of the Reaction Constant ??,R*
  • 8. Application of Equations (25) and (29) for the Determination of New Values of the Substituent Constants ?XI and ?X*
  • 9. Other Empirical Quantitative Relations
  • 10. Two Functional Groupings in a Molecule
  • VI Effects of Substituents in Condensed Polycyclic Hydrocarbons
  • 1. General
  • 2. Classification of Reaction Series
  • 3. Electroactive Aromatic System with One Substituent
  • 4. Polysubstituted Electroactive Aromatic Systems
  • 5. Effects of a Substituent in a Condensed Aromatic Hydrocarbon on the Reduction of a Functional Grouping in Another Position in the Ring System
  • 6. Effect of the Nature of the Aromatic Ring on Reduction in the Side-Chain
  • 7. Substituent in a Reducible Side-Chain
  • VII Effects of Substituents in Polycyclic Heterocyclic Compounds
  • 1. General
  • 2. Classification of Reaction Series
  • 7. Application of the Constants ?X? and the Determination of New Values of the Substituent Constants ?X
  • 8. Ortho Derivatives—Application of Equation (37)
  • 9. Hindrance of Coplanarity due to Ortho Substituents
  • 10. The Question of Hydrogen Bonds in Ortho-Substituted Compounds
  • 11. Factors Affecting the Reaction Constant ??,R
  • 12. Other Empirical Relationships
  • 13. Applications of (27) and Related Equations
  • IV Monocyclic Heterocyclic Compounds
  • 1. General
  • 2. Classification of Reaction Series
  • 3. Reducible Heterocyclic Rings
  • 4. Reduction in the Side Chain
  • V Reaction Series in which the Electroactive Group is Directly Attached to an Alkyl or Aryl Substituent
  • 1. General
  • 2. Reactions for which Equations (25), (29), and (36) Hold
  • 3. Effect of Changes in the Mechanism of the Electrode ProcessReflected in Deviations from Linear Free Energy Relations and Changes in the Sign of the Reaction Constant
  • 4. Effect of Exchange of Methyl for Phenyl
  • 3. Effect of a Substituent in an Electroactive Heterocyclic Ring
  • 4. Effect of Substituents in the Benzene Ring and in Both Rings on the Reduction of the Heterocyclic Ring
  • 5. Effect of Substitution in a Phenyl Group Attached to Electroactive Heterocyclic Ring
  • 6. Correlation of the Reactivities of Various Heterocyclic Compounds by the Use of Dimroth Equation
  • 7. Effect of Substitution in the Heterocyclic Ring on Reduction in a Side-Chain on the Same Ring
  • 8. Effect of Substitution in the Benzene Ring on Reduction in a Side-Chain on the Heterocyclic Ring
  • 9. Effect of the Position and Nature of the Heterocyclic Ring on Reduction in the Side-Chain
  • VIII Effects ofSubstituents in Quinonoid Compounds
  • 1. General
  • 2. Classification of Reaction Series
  • 3. Monocyclic Quinonoid Systems
  • 4. Bicyclic Quinonoid Systems
  • 5. Polycyclic Quinonoid Systems
  • IX Alicyclic Systems
  • 1. Effects of Substituents in the Ring on an Electroactive Group Attached to the Ring

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