Cover Image
Read Now

Biochemical Pharmacology of Ethanol

A number of excellent symposia, reviews and monographs on the biology of ethanol have been published during the last decade. Al­ though it may appear that another such publication may be superflu­ ous, the subject of alcohol abuse is still open for further explora­ tion and the field of the biochemi...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Majchrowicz, Edward (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York, NY Springer US 1975, 1975
Edition:1st ed. 1975
Series:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Subjects:
Pharmacology
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 4. Adoption Studies
  • 5. Genetic Marker Studies
  • 6. Comment
  • Summary
  • References
  • List of Contributors
  • 1. Diverse Effects of Ethanol on Brain and Liver Monoamine Oxidase
  • D. Blood Concentrations of Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetate and Methanol During Acute and Chronic Administration of Alcoholic Beverages in Humans and Animals
  • 1. Subjects
  • 2. Blood Ethanol Levels
  • 3. Acetaldehyde
  • a. Methodological Considerations
  • b. Nonenzymatic Formation of Acetaldehyde
  • 4. Acetaldehyde: Human Investigations
  • a. Chronic Studies
  • b. Acute Studies
  • 5. Acetaldehyde: Animal Studies
  • a. Methodology
  • b. Sex, Strain and Alcohol Preference
  • c. Acetaldehyde in Brain
  • 6. Acetate
  • 7. Methanol Accumulation
  • Summary
  • References
  • Alcohol and Aldehyde Metabolism in Brain
  • A. Attempts to Demonstrate Ethanol Metabolism in Brain
  • 1. Oxygen Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Production
  • 2. Conversion of Ethanol to Amino Acids in Brain
  • 3. Histochemical Techniques
  • B. Enzymes Which May Metabolize Ethanol in Brain
  • 1. Catalase
  • 2. Alcohol Dehydrogenase
  • 3. Ethanol Metabolism and Redox Changes in Brain
  • C. Aldehyde metabolism in Brain — Oxidation and Reduction
  • 1. Substrate Specificity and Reaction Mechanism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase — Oxidation
  • 2. Activation and Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Activity
  • 3. Subcellular Distribution and Isozymes of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
  • 4. Reduction of Aldehydes to Alcohols in Brain
  • 5. Characteristics of Aldehyde Reductase in Brain
  • Summary
  • References
  • Effects of Ethanol on Brain Metabolism
  • Effects on Intermediary Metabolism
  • 1. Effects on Glycolysis
  • 2. Energy-Rich Phosphates
  • 3. Oxygen Consumption
  • 4. Carbon Dioxide Production
  • 5. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Inhibition
  • 6. Lipid Metabolism
  • 7. Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
  • Summary
  • References
  • Effects of Ethanol on Protein Synthesis
  • A. Cardiac Protein Synthesis, Ethanol and Nutrition
  • 1. Amino Acid Availability and Cardiac Protein Synthesis
  • b. Hydrogen Peroxide Dependence of the Ethanol Oxidizing Reaction
  • c. The Role of Catalase in MEOS
  • d. Separation of Catalase from Microsomal Components
  • 2. In Vivo Activity
  • 3. Conclusion
  • Summary
  • References
  • Pathways of Ethanol Metabolism in Perfused Rat Liver
  • 1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pathway
  • a. Hydrogen Shuttle Mechanisms
  • b. Rate-Limiting Step for the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Reaction
  • c. Quantitation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Dependent Ethanol Oxidation
  • 2. Quantitation of Catalase-Dependent Ethanol Oxidation
  • a. Activation of Ethanol Utilization by Hydrogen Peroxide-Generating Substrates
  • 3. Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)
  • 4. Adaptive Increase in Ethanol Utilization Following Chronic Ethanol Pretreatment
  • Summary
  • References
  • Rate-Limiting Steps in Ethanol Metabolism and Approaches to Changing These Rates Biochemically
  • 1. Metabolism of Ethanol
  • 2. Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
  • 3. Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase
  • 4. Transport and Oxidation of Reducing Equivalents
  • 5. Lipogenesis
  • 6. Inhibition of Ethanol Metabolism
  • 7. Acceleration of Ethanol Metabolism
  • Summary
  • References
  • Metabolic Correlates of Ethanol, Acetaldehyde, Acetate and Methanol in Humans and Animals
  • A. Biological Properties of Ethanol
  • 1. Ethanol Acts both as a Narcotic and as an Aberrant Nutrient
  • 2. Competition for Coenzymes
  • 3. Competitive Inhibitions of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
  • a. Accumulation of Methanol in Ethanol-Drinking Subjects
  • b. Biogenic Amine Condensation Products
  • c. Shift in the Metabolism of Biogenic Amines
  • B. Effects of Ethanol oN Liver Metabolism
  • 1. Inhibition of Carbon Dioxide Formation
  • 2. Suppression of Respiratory Quotient
  • 3. Ethanol Inhibits its Own Intermediary Metabolism
  • 4. Effects of Ethanol on the Metabolism of Glucose in the Liver
  • C. Comparison of the Effects of Ethanol on Liver and BRAIN Metabolism
  • 5. Therapeutic Effects
  • Summary
  • References
  • Induction of Physical Dependence on Alcohol in Rodents
  • 1. Experimental Conditions Necessary for Induction of Physical Dependence
  • 2. Objective Criteria of Physical Dependence (Physical signs induced by withdrawal)
  • a. Quantification
  • 3. Methods for Induction of Physical Dependence
  • a. Criteria
  • b. Supplementary Measures
  • c. Liquid Diet Procedures
  • d. Changes in Behavior
  • e. Inhalation of Ethanol
  • f. Gastric Intubation
  • g. Intravascular Catheterization
  • Conclusion
  • Summary
  • References
  • Induction of Physical Dependence Upon Alcohol in Nonhuman Primates
  • 1. The Concept of Physical Dependence
  • 2. Measurement of Physical Dependence
  • 3. Infusion Procedures
  • 4. Intubation Procedures
  • 5. Nonvolitional Oral Intake
  • 6. Miscellaneous Procedures
  • 7. Discussion
  • Summary
  • References
  • Genetic Determinants of Alcohol Addiction
  • 1. Biological Variation
  • 2. Family Studies
  • 3. Twin Studies
  • Mammalian Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenases
  • 1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Livers of Horse, Man and Rat
  • a. Molecular Weight, Subunit Composition, Ultraviolet Absorption, Catalytic Sites Per Mole, Zn++ Content, Sulfhydryl Groups, End Groups, Residues Per Subunit, Heterogeneity
  • b. The Role of Zinc
  • c. X-ray Crystallography
  • d. Coenzyme Binding
  • e. Conformational Changes
  • f. Ternary Complexes: Significance and Use
  • g. Substrate Specificity
  • h. Catalytic Mechanism
  • 2. Structure-Function Relationship in Isoenzymes
  • a. Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Horse Liver
  • b. Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Human Liver
  • c. Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Rat, Rhesus Monkey and Other Species
  • d. Significance of Steroid Activity
  • Summary
  • References
  • Microsomal Ethanol Oxidation: Activity in Vitro and in Vivo
  • 1. In Vitro Activity
  • a. Evidence of Mixed Function Oxidase Activity
  • Formation of Aberrant Neurotransmitters and Its Implication for Alcohol Addiction and Intoxication
  • 1. Storage and Release of False Neurotransmitters
  • 2. False Neurotransmitters and Alcoholism
  • 3. Formation and Inhibition of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives
  • 4. Newer Concepts Related to the Involvement of Biogenic Amines in Alcoholism
  • Summary
  • References
  • Interaction of Biogenic Amines with Ethanol
  • 1. Effects of Ethanol on Monamine Metabolism
  • 2. Aberrant Neurotransmitters: Hypothetical Role in Alcoholism
  • 3. Serotonergic Regulation of Respiratory Depression Induced by Ethanol
  • 4. Discussion and Critique
  • Summary
  • References
  • Some Endocrine Aspects of Alcoholism
  • 1. The Adrenal Cortex
  • 2. Aldosterone
  • 3. Cortisol
  • 4. Sex Hormone Metabolism
  • 5. Insulin
  • 6. Miscellaneous
  • Summary
  • References
  • Marihuana VS. Alcohol: A Pharmacologic Comparison
  • 1. Drug Classification
  • 2. Behavior
  • 3. Pharmacology
  • 4. Toxicity
  • a. Effects of Ethanol on Adenylate Cyclase
  • b. Effects of Ethanol on Phosphodiesterases
  • c. Effect of Ethanol on ATP Levels and ATPase Activity
  • d. Effects of Ethanol on Cyclic AMP Levels
  • 2. Changes of the Cyclic AMP System after Chronic Ethanol Administration
  • a. Changes in the Central Nervous System
  • b. Changes in the Peripheral Organs
  • 3. Possible Role of Cyclic AMP in Ethanol Effects
  • a. Ethanol-Induced Fatty Liver
  • b. Implication of Cyclic AMP System in the Central Effects of Ethanol
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Summary
  • References
  • Alcohol, Aldehydes and Biogenic Amines
  • 1. Biogenic Amine Catabolism and the Effects of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde
  • 2. Effects of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde on Biogenic Amine Turnover and Steady-State Levels in Brain
  • 3. Effects of Ethanol on the Uptake of Transmitters by Brain Tissue In Vitro
  • 4. The Effect of Ethanol on the Urinary Excretion of the Biogenic Amines and their Metabolites
  • Summary
  • References
  • 2. Effects of Ethanol or Metabolites on the Heart
  • a. Ethanol and Cardiac Metabolic Effects
  • b. Ethanol and Cardiac Protein Synthesis
  • B. Hepatic Protein Synthesis
  • a. Albumin Synthesizing Mechanism
  • b. Factors Influencing Hepatic Albumin Production
  • c. Clinical Liver Disease
  • d. Amino Acids and Nutritional Effects on Albumin Synthesis
  • Summary
  • References
  • The Effects of Aliphatic Alcohols on the Biophysical and Biochemical Correlates of Membrane Function
  • 1. Interactions of Alcohols with Membranes
  • a. Membrane Protection
  • b. Membrane Expansion
  • c. Membrane Disordering
  • d. Lipid Disorganization
  • 2. Alcohols and the Electrical Properties of Membranes and Related Biochemical Events
  • 3.Alcohols and the Active Transport of Cations and the Na-K ATPase
  • 4. Alcohols and Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism
  • 5. Concluding Remarks
  • Summary
  • References
  • Interactions of Ethanol with Cyclic Amp
  • 1. Acute Effects of Ethanol on the Cyclic AMP System

Similar Items