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Output Measurements for Medical Ultrasound

Medical applications of ultrasound range from therapy, foetal monitoring, diagnostic imaging and blood flow measurement, to surgery and lithotripsy. Ever since the earliest developments of medical ultrasound there has been an interest in the measurement and characterisation of the ultrasonic fields...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Preston, Roy C. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London Springer London 1991, 1991
Edition:1st ed. 1991
Subjects:
Engineering
Acoustics
Biophysics
Technology And Engineering
Ultrasonics
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 1 Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasonic Equipment: The Relevance of Acoustic Output Information to the Clinical User
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 The Relevance of Acoustic Output Information
  • 1.3 Acoustic Output Information
  • 1.4 Acoustic Fields and Output of Medical Ultrasonic Equipment
  • 1.5 Standards and Regulations
  • 1.6 The Impact on the Clinician
  • 1.7 Conclusions
  • 1.8 Recommended Additional Reading Material
  • 1.9 References
  • 2 Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Propagation
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Ultrasonic Wave Propagation
  • 2.3 Transduction
  • 2.4 Ideal Fields
  • 2.5 Nonlinear Propagation
  • 2.6 Recommended Additional Reading Material
  • 3 Overview of Measurement Techniques
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Key Acoustical and Other Field Parameters
  • 3.3 Acoustic Pressure
  • 3.4 Acoustic Displacement
  • 3.5 Radiation Force
  • 3.6 Temperature Rise
  • 3.7 Summary of Quantitative Measurement Techniques
  • 3.8 Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty
  • 3.9 Measurement Traceability
  • 7 Measurements on a Specific Acoustic Pulse Part 2: Measurements
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 The Measurement System
  • 7.3 Spatial-Peak Measurements
  • 7.4 Spatial-Average Measurements
  • 7.5 Continuous-Wave Systems
  • 7.6 Accuracy Assessment
  • 7.7 Recommended Additional Reading Material
  • 7.8 References
  • 8 Real-Time Scanning Systems Part 1: Modes of Operation
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Principles of Operation
  • 8.3 Pulse Characteristics
  • 8.4 Pulse Patterns
  • 8.5 Scanner Settings
  • 8.6 Discussion
  • 8.7 Recommended Further Reading Material
  • 9 Real-Time Scanning Systems Part 2: Measurements
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Measurement Systems
  • 9.3 Making Measurements
  • 9.4 Measurement Uncertainties
  • 9.5 References
  • Glossary: Definitions Relevant to Ultrasonic Field Measurements
  • 3.10 Qualitative Techniques
  • 3.11 References
  • 4 Hydrophones
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Types of Hydrophone
  • 4.3 Using a Hydrophone
  • 5 Ultrasonic Power Balances
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 The Radiation Force Balance
  • 5.3 Choosing a Configuration and Target
  • 5.4 Examples of Radiation Force Balances
  • 5.5 Measurement Considerations
  • 5.6 Summary of Important Points to Note During Measurements
  • 5.7 References
  • 6 Hydrophone-Based Measurements on a Specific Acoustic Pulse Part 1: Field Characterisation
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 The Acoustic Pulse Waveform
  • 6.3 Pressure Parameters
  • 6.4 Derivation of Intensity from Pressure Measurements
  • 6.5 Intensity Parameters
  • 6.6 Spatial-peak Parameters
  • 6.7 Beam-Shape Information
  • 6.8 Spatial-Average Parameters
  • 6.9 Power Parameters
  • 6.10 Output Beam Intensity
  • 6.11 Locating Maxima in Fields
  • 6.12 Concept of in-situ or Derated Levels
  • 6.13 References

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