New Trends in Green Chemistry
Organic chemistry has played a vital role in the development of diverse molecules which are used in medicines, agrochemicals and polymers. Most ofthe chemicals are produced on an industrial scale. The industrial houses adopt a synthesis for a particular molecule which should be cost-effective. No at...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
2004, 2004
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| Edition: | 1st ed. 2004 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- 7.1 Acid Catalysts
- 7.2 Oxidation Catalysts
- 7.3 Basic Catalysts
- 7.4 Polymer Supported Catalysts
- 8. Phase Transfer Catalysis in Green Synthesis
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Applications of PTC in Organic Synthesis
- 8.3 Oxidation Using Hydrogen Peroxide Under PTC Condition
- 8.4 Crown Ethers
- 9. Microwave Induced Green Synthesis
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Applications
- 9.3 Conclusion
- 10. Ultrasound Assisted Green Synthesis
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Applications of Ultrasound
- 10.3 Conclusion
- 11. Biocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Biochemical (Microbial) Oxidations
- 11.3 Biochemical (Microbial) Reductions
- 11.4 Enzymes Catalysed Hydrolytic Processes
- 12. Aqueous Phase Reactions
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Diels-Alder Reaction
- 12.3 Claisen Rearrangement
- 12.4 Wittig-Horner Reaction
- 12.5Michael Reaction
- 12.6 Aldol Condensation
- 12.7 Knoevenagel Reaction
- 12.8 Pinacol Coupling
- 12.9 Benzoin Condensation
- 12.10 Claisen-Schmidt Condensation
- 12.11 Heck Reaction
- 12.12 Strecker Synthesis
- 12.13 Wurtz Reaction
- 12.14 Oxidations
- 12.15 Reductions
- 12.16 Polymerisation Reactions
- 12.17 Photochemical Reactions
- 12.18 Electrochemical Synthesis
- 12.19 Miscellaneous Reactions in Aqueous Phase
- 13. Organic Synthesis in Solid State
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Solid Phase Organic Synthesis Without Using Any Solvent
- 13.3 Solid Supported Organic Synthesis
- 14. Versatile Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents
- 14.1 Green Solvents
- 14.2 Reactions in Acidic Ionic Liquids
- 14.3 Reactions in Neutral Ionic Liquids
- 15. Synthesis Involving Basic Principles of Green Chemistry: Some Examples
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Synthesis of Styrene
- 15.3 Synthesis of Adipic Acid, Catechol and 3-dehydroshikimic Acid (a potential replacement for BHT)
- 15.4 Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate
- 15.5 Synthesis of Urethane
- 15.6 An Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Aromatic Amines
- 15.7 Selective Alkylation of Active Methylene Group
- 15.8 Free Radical Bromination
- 15.9 Acetaldehyde
- 15.10 Furfural from Biomass
- 15.11 Synthesis of (S)-metolachlor, an Optically Active Herbicide
- 15.12 Synthesis of Ibuprofen
- 15.13 Synthesis of Paracetamol
- 15.14 Green Synthesis of 3-phenyl Catechol
- 15.15 Synthesis of Epoxystyrene
- 15.16 Synthesis of Citral
- 15.17 Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid
- 15.18 Use of Molting Accelerators to Replace More Toxic and Harmful Insecticides
- 15.19 An Environmentally Safe Marine Antifoulant
- Suggested Readings
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Designing a Green Synthesis
- 2.1 Choice of Starting Materials
- 2.2 Choice of Reagents
- 2.3 Choice of Catalysts
- 2.4 Choice of Solvents
- 3. Basic Principles of Green Chemistry
- 3.1 Prevention of Waste/By-Products
- 3.2 Maximum Incorporation of the Reactants (Starting Materials and Reagents) into the Final Product
- 3.3 Prevention or Minimization of Hazardous Products
- 3.4 Designing Safer Chemicals
- 3.5 Energy Requirements for Synthesis
- 3.6 Selection of Appropriate Solvent
- 3.7 Selection of Starting Materials
- 3.8 Use of Protecting Groups
- 3.9 Use of Catalyst
- 3.10 Products Designed Should be Biodegradable
- 3.11 Designing of Manufacturing Plants
- 3.12 Strengthening of Analytical Techniques
- 4. Green Chemistry in Day-to-Day Life
- 4.1 Dry Cleaning of Clothes
- 4.2 Versatile Bleaching Agent
- 5. Environmental Pollution
- 6. Green Reagent
- 6.1 Dimethylcarbonate
- 6.2 Polymer Supported Reagents
- 7. Green Catalysts