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Heritage microbiology and science Microbes, monuments and maritime materials

Key features of the book include: " Up-to-date summaries on the conservation of internationally-important artefacts and monuments " Clear outline of molecular techniques to identify microbes in environmental heritage samples " Wide range of case studies covering wood, stone,

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: May, Eric
Other Authors: Jones, Mark, Mitchell, Julian
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 2008
Series:Special publication
Online Access:
Collection: RSC eBook Collection 1968-2009 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • Field Trials of Bioremediation on Buildings and Monuments
  • Recommended Methodologies
  • Implications of Biobrush Research
  • Part 2: Molecular Methods for Heritage Artefacts and Monuments
  • Molecular Studies for Cultural Heritage: State of the Art
  • Introduction
  • Previous Methods for the Detection of Microorganisms
  • Culture-Independent Methods to Detect Microorganisms
  • Recent Advancements for Detecting Microorganisms
  • MDA-PCR Amplifications
  • DNA Library Screening
  • Detection and Analysis of Chimeras
  • Analysis Based on DNA and RNA
  • Further Perspectives
  • Bacteria in Archaeological and Waterlogged Wood: Molecular Protocols for Diversity and Community Studies
  • Introduction
  • Waterlogged Wood and its Microbiology
  • Extraction of Nucleic Acids from Wood
  • Overcoming Low Quantities of Impure Nucleic Acids
  • PCR and the Separation of Mixed-Origin PCR Products
  • Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation and Waterlogged Wood
  • Conclusions
  • Geographical Information Systems
  • Use of Images for Classifying Degradation
  • Illustrations of Mapping Degradation in a GIS
  • Conclusions
  • Microbial Colonisation of Historic Buildings in Latin America
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Sites and Sampling
  • Detection and Identification
  • Results and Discussion Analysis of Bacterial Communities on an Antique Stained Glass Window
  • Introduction
  • Methods and Results
  • Deterioration on the window "Nativita"
  • Sampling, Growth Conditions and Phenotypical Characterization
  • Molecular Characterization
  • Conclusions
  • Assessing the Suitability of Novel Biocides for use on Historic Surfaces
  • Introduction
  • Methods and Results
  • Compatibility of Novel Treatments with Conservation Products
  • Tests on Sandstone
  • Accelerated Weathering
  • Tests on Traditional Painted Plaster
  • Field Studies
  • Test Surfaces
  • Test Rigs
  • Treatments
  • Effectiveness Measurements
  • Electrolysis in Conservation
  • Electrolysis of the M33
  • Electrolysis of the s.v. Cutty Sark
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Desiccated Storage of Chloride-Contaminated Iron: A Study of the Effects of Loss of Environmental Control
  • Introduction
  • Corrosion and Electrolytes
  • ss Great Britain: A big Corrosion Problem
  • Implementation of Environmental Control
  • Chloride-Infested Iron: Corrosion and Corrosion Products
  • Chloride on the Iron Hull of the ss Great Britain
  • Modelling Iron Corrosion during Drying of Chloride-Infested Iron
  • Environmentally-Controlled Storage in Practice
  • Experimental
  • Results
  • Fecl2. 4h2o/ Iron Powder Mix: 15%-22% Relative Humidity (Figure 4)
  • Fecl2.4h2o/ Iron Powder Mix: 15%-30% Relative Humidity (Figure 5)
  • -Feooh/Iron Powder Mix: 15%-22% Relative Humidity (Figure 6)
  • Feooh/Iron Powder Mix: 15%-30% Relative Humidity (Figure 7)
  • Fecl2. 4h2o/Iron Powder Mix: 22%- 65% Relative Humidity (Figure 8)
  • Discussion
  • Endnote
  • Timber Conservation on Nelson's Flagship HMS Victory
  • Introduction
  • Original Construction
  • The Early Years
  • Into Drydock 1922
  • Restoration and Repair in the 1920s
  • The 1955-64 Great Repair
  • Completion of the Great Repair 1964 - 2000
  • Timber Supply
  • Concluding Comments
  • Summary
  • Informing the Conservation, Display and Long-Term Preservation of the HMS Victory Trafalgar Sail
  • Introduction
  • The Performance of the Canvas
  • Conservation and Display
  • Condition Monitoring
  • Nuclear Magnetic Relaxometry
  • Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)
  • Conclusions
  • Extraction of Iron Compounds from Waterlogged Pine Wood from the Vasa
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
  • Chemicals
  • Extraction Procedures
  • Analyses
  • Results and Discussion
  • Co-Extraction of other Compounds
  • Effects on the Wood
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Electrolysis in the Conservation of Large Artefacts: The M33 and the s.v.Cutty Sark
  • Introduction
  • Soak Treatment
  • Electrolytic Treatment
  • Part 3: Historic Ships and their Preservation
  • The In-Situ Preservation of Archaeological Sites Underwater: An Evaluation of some Techniques
  • Introduction
  • Why In-Situ Preservation? Threats to Underwater Archaeological Heritage
  • Measuring the Extent of Deterioration
  • Examples of Techniques used for In-Situ Protection
  • The "Polders", The Netherlands
  • Red Bay, Canada
  • The Bzn Wrecks, The Netherlands
  • The Darsser Cog, Germany
  • The Avondster, Sri Lanka
  • Roman Quay, The Netherlands
  • Thirteenth Century Wreck, Denmark
  • William Salthouse, Australia
  • The Zakynthos Wreck, Greece
  • Colossus, United Kingdom
  • James Matthews, Australia
  • Fredericus (Raar-Project), Sweden
  • Conclusions and Future Directions
  • Molecular Bacterial Diversity in the Timbers of the Tudor Warship the Mary Rose
  • Introduction
  • Role of Bacteria in the Sulfur and Iron Cycles
  • Molecular Diversity of Bacteria associated with Buried and Raised Ship Timbers
  • Conclusions
  • Introduction: Heritage Microbiology, Science And the Mary Rose: What are we trying to achieve? Introduction
  • Background
  • Conference Themes and the Mary Rose
  • What are we trying to achieve? Conclusion
  • Part 1: Heritage Monuments and Materials
  • Heritage Research and Practice: Towards a better understanding? Introduction
  • Evaluation of Biodeterioration Processes
  • Biodeterioration Mechanisms
  • Exogenic Parameters
  • Biofilm - A Stabilising Microniche
  • Environmental Conditions for Biodeterioration Processes
  • Microbiological Assessment of Biodeterioration Impacts
  • Microbiology and Archaeology - Case Studies
  • Terracotta Army in Xian / China (Polychrome Coatings)
  • Nydam Mose / Denmark (Metals)
  • Temple of Angkor Wat, Cambodia (Natural Stone)
  • Archaeological Site of Milet in Turkey (Waterlogged Marble)
  • Prospective Needs for an Interdisciplinary Approach in Conservation Microbiology
  • Mapping Decay: GIS, Microbes and Stone Degradation across Scales
  • Introduction
  • Microbiology and Art: An Education Opportunity
  • Introduction
  • Applied Microbiology
  • Microbiology and Art
  • Deterioration of Art
  • Beauty of Microorganisms
  • Microorganisms in Art
  • Combining Microbiology and Art
  • Microbiology And!
  • Concluding Remarks
  • Synchrotron Radiation for the Investigation of Objects of Cultural Heritage Value
  • Introduction
  • Synchrotron Radiation
  • Examples of Synchrotron Science as Applied to Heritage Materials
  • Archaeological Iron
  • Erosion of Carbonate Building Materials
  • Textile Fibres from the Qumran Caves
  • Corinthian Style Helmet from Ancient Greece
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) as Molecular Tool to Study Bacteria causing Biodeterioration
  • Introduction
  • FISH Applied to the Study of Biodeterioration of Works of Art
  • Limits and Advantages of FISH to Study Microbial Communities associated with Biodeterioration
  • Methods that Enhance the Signal
  • Identification of Bacteria from Waterlogged Archaeological Wood
  • Introduction
  • Method and Results
  • Sampling
  • Cultivation
  • DNA-Based Identification
  • DNA Extraction
  • PCR Amplification and Construction of 16S rDNA Clone Libraries and T-RFLP Community Fingerprinting
  • Sequencing of 16S rDNA Inserts and Phylogenetic Analysis
  • Conclusions
  • Summary
  • Novel Combined Approach Based on Phospholipid Fatty Acids and 16S-rDNA PCR-SSCP Analyses to Characterise Fouling Biofilms on Historic Monuments
  • Introduction
  • Culture-Independent Approaches to Characterise Microbial Communities
  • Materials and Methods
  • Site Description
  • Sample Collection
  • Biomarker Analysis
  • DNA Extraction, PCR-SSCP and Sequencing of DNA
  • Digital Image Analysis
  • Nucleic Acid and Phylogenetic Analyses Results
  • Biofilm Biomass and PLFA Profiles
  • Discussion
  • Biomass and Diversity of Epilithic Biofilms
  • Conclusions
  • On the Use of 23S rRNA Gene Sequences to Assess a High Diversity of Acidobacteria in Altamira Cave
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
  • Sampling and DNA Extraction
  • Amplification of Acidobacterial rDNA and Construction of Clone Libraries
  • Phylogenetic Analyses and Tree Reconstruction based on rDNA Sequences
  • Results and Discussion
  • Conclusions
  • Fluorescence and Colour Measurements after Treatment Application
  • Post-Treatment Assessment
  • The Occurrence of Heterotrophic Microorganisms on Heritage Surfaces
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Biocalcification: The Context for Bioremediation
  • Introduction
  • Biomineralization
  • Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization
  • Monumental Stone Decay and Conservation
  • Bioremediation for Conservation
  • Methods and Results
  • On-site Application
  • Bio-inducing Macromolecules Solutions (BIMSs)
  • Methodology of Application
  • BMT Evaluation
  • On-site results
  • Conclusions
  • The Biobrush Project for Bioremediation of Heritage Stone
  • A Need for Stone Conservation
  • Rationale for Biobrush Research
  • Collection and Analysis of Encrusted Stone from Historic Buildings
  • Selection and Screening of Bacterial Cultures for use in Bioremediation
  • Evaluation of Delivery Systems to carry Biological Agents onto the Stone
  • Mineral Changes in Stones during Bioremediation Treatment

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