Euclid

Euclid (; ; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the ''Elements'' treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved new innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.

Very little is known of Euclid's life, and most information comes from the scholars Proclus and Pappus of Alexandria many centuries later. Medieval Islamic mathematicians invented a fanciful biography, and medieval Byzantine and early Renaissance scholars mistook him for the earlier philosopher Euclid of Megara. It is now generally accepted that he spent his career in Alexandria and lived around 300 BC, after Plato's students and before Archimedes. There is some speculation that Euclid studied at the Platonic Academy and later taught at the Musaeum; he is regarded as bridging the earlier Platonic tradition in Athens with the later tradition of Alexandria.

In the ''Elements'', Euclid deduced the theorems from a small set of axioms. He also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigour. In addition to the ''Elements'', Euclid wrote a central early text in the optics field, ''Optics'', and lesser-known works including ''Data'' and ''Phaenomena''. Euclid's authorship of ''On Divisions of Figures'' and ''Catoptrics'' has been questioned. He is thought to have written many lost works. Provided by Wikipedia

1
by Euclid
Published 1705
printed for William and Joseph Marshal, and sold by them, at the Bible in Newgate-Street. Where is Sold Cook's Marrow of Chyrurgery, Anatomy, and Physick, &c. Likewise Tachenius with his Clavis Translated into English

5
by Euclid
Published 1781
printed and sold by Andrew Foulis, Printer To The University; sold also by Robert Cross, Near The College; James Duncan, Dunlop and Wilson, and by J. and W. Shaws, Booksellers

6
by Euclid
Published 1714
printed and sold by W. Redmayne in Jewen-Street, R. Mount on Tower-Hill, and J. and B. Sprint in Little-Britain

7
by Euclid
Published 1741
printed for Tho. Woodward, at the Half-Moon, between the Two Temple-Gates in Fleet-Street; and sold by J. Osborn, at the Golden Ball in Pater-Noster-Row

9
by Euclid
Published 1720
printed for J. Knapton, at the Crown, and D. Midwinter at the Three Crowns, in St. Paul's Church-Yard, and W. Taylor at the Ship in Pater-Noster-Row

12
by Euclid
Published 1747
printed for W. Innys, T. Longman and T. Shewell in Pater-Noster-Row, and M. Senex in Fleetstreet

17
by Euclid
Published 1759
printed for C. Hitch and L. Hawes, A. Millar, John Rivington, James Rivington and J. Fletcher, T. Longman, and M. Cooper

18
by Euclid
Published 1726
printed by William Pearson, and sold by R. and J. Bonwicke, in St. Paul's-Church-Yard; F. Fayram, at the South-Entrance of the Royal-Exchange; and B. Motte, at the Middle-Temple-Gate, Fleet-Street