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4 “... as pivotal to the transition from twelfth-century lords and vassals to the nobility of the fifteenth century...”

5 “..., the crusades of St. Louis, the struggles between French kings and vassals, and the rivalry of the Capetian...”

6 “..., five authors - Rowan Williams, Judith Wolfe, Guy G. Stroumsa, Vassilis Saroglou and Azza Karam...”

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8 “... groups, the Bellah-Iklan and free-born vassals, which have been neglected in conventional accounts...”

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