1 “... competition in both on- and off-patent markets can improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical spending. Various...”

2 Table of Contents: “... -- Plant variety protection and patents on life forms -- TRIPS and public health -- IPRs and the protection...”

3 “.... Research in this area has recently exploded with a relevant number of patents and clinical trials...”

4 Table of Contents: “... in Biotechnology Patent Law in Europe -- Chapter 9: Assessing the Emergence of Bioeconomy in Transition Economies...”

5 Table of Contents: “... according to patent data -- Chapter 9. Low-carbon technology integration -- Chapter 10. Economic assessment...”

6 Table of Contents: “... -- Chapter 47. Patent box as a tax relief tool for companies operating in circular economy context -- Chapter...”

7 “... to the pharmaceutical policy. The federal government regulates prices of patented pharmaceutical products...”

8 “... for on-patent pharmaceutical products is questionable. For products that have gone off-patent and for those...”

9 “... pharmaceutical spending up, cost-containment policies and patent expiries of a number of top-selling products...”

10 “... in off-patent products; and the apparent misalignment of current incentives for the development...”