1 “... of decentralization in Togo, with a specific focus on decentralization from central government to communes, the lowest...”

2 “..., however, include potential uncertainty related to commune and general elections in 2017 and 2018...”

3 “... and Deconcentration (D and D) reforms. D and D reforms began at the commune and sangkat (CS) level, the lowest tier...”

4 “.... By early 2018, 99.9 percent of the country's communes and 99 percent of its rural households were connected...”