1 Subjects: “...Tariff preferences / Africa...”

2 Subjects: “...Tariff / Developing countries / Econometric models...”

3 Subjects: “...Tariff Reductions...”

4 Subjects: “...Tariff Reduction...”

5 Subjects: “...Tariff Reductions...”

6 “... of tariff preferences, using a new data set on preferential and non-preferential or Most Favored Nation (MFN...”

7 “... but needed to be complemented by specific domestic reforms: tariff liberalization, reduced regulatory burden...”

8 “... tariff reduction, to cover policy areas such as investment, competition, and intellectual property rights...”

9 “... country members include vital tariff lines. The initiatives on trade facilitation and aid for trade can...”

10 “... is initiating a change from "rules-based" to "power-based" tariff bargaining and is selecting countries...”

11 “... reduced trade-weighted average tariff rates to less than 5 percent for more than two-thirds of countries...”

12 “..., but has shown signs of reviving in the first quarter of 2019. However, the U.S. tariff increases...”

13 “... constrain the scope for tariff protection in all goods, ban agricultural export subsidies in the industrial...”

14 “...The focus of trade policy has shifted in recent years from economy-wide reductions in tariffs...”

15 “... consequences of undervalued exchange rates, which act as both import tariffs and export subsidies...”