1 “... Enterprises (MNEs) are believed to be central and dominant actors in the global economy. In addition, it has...”

2 “...In order to better understand the interdependencies between trade and investment in global value...”

3 “... as part of the global activities of these companies in GVCs. MNE affiliates create directly large volumes...”

4 “... the intertwined nature of manufacturing and services activities in global value chains...”