1 Subjects: “...Emerging and frontier financial markets...”

2 Subjects: “...Emerging and frontier financial markets...”

3 Subjects: “...General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation...”

4 Subjects: “...International Financial Markets...”

5 Subjects: “...Commodity Markets...”

6 Subjects: “...International Financial Markets...”

7 Subjects: “...Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy...”

8 “... between advanced and emerging market economies, with the former group conducting FXI limitedly and broadly...”

9 “...Many emerging market economies have relied on foreign exchange intervention (FXI) in response...”

10 “..., as well as for advanced and emerging market economies. External adjustment is driven primarily...”

11 “... 2002-13. We find ex-ante marginal costs for the median emerging market economy (EME) in the inter...”

12 “... of heterogeneity in the speed of NFA adjustment, with emerging market economies adjusting more rapidly than...”