1 Table of Contents: “...`s Fitness and Evolution -- Genetic Variation in Holobionts -- Evolution of Holobionts: The Hologenome...”

2 Table of Contents: “... microflora -- Host genetics and gut microbiota -- Microbial symbiont transmission – basic principles and dark...”

3 “... hologenome (sum of the genetic information of the host and its symbiotic microorganisms), acting in concert...”

4 “.... They form reservoirs of the highest biological diversity, including genetic resources and bio-active...”