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220928 ||| eng |
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|a 9781513516257
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|a Mooij, Ruud A.
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| 245 |
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|a An Assessment of Global Formula Apportionment
|c Ruud A. Mooij, Li Liu, Dinar Prihardini
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| 260 |
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|a Washington, D.C.
|b International Monetary Fund
|c 2019
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| 300 |
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|a 41 pages
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| 651 |
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4 |
|a United States
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| 653 |
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|a International Taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Revenue administration
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| 653 |
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|a Income
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| 653 |
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|a Labour
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| 653 |
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|a Public finance & taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Taxes
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| 653 |
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|a Personal income
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| 653 |
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|a Corporations
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| 653 |
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|a Unemployment
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| 653 |
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|a Double taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Aggregate Labor Productivity
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| 653 |
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|a Multinational Firms
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| 653 |
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|a Aggregate Human Capital
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| 653 |
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|a Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
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| 653 |
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|a National accounts
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| 653 |
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|a Labor
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| 653 |
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|a Corporate income tax
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| 653 |
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|a Business Taxes and Subsidies
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| 653 |
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|a Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
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| 653 |
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|a International Business
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| 653 |
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|a Corporate & business tax
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| 653 |
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|a Corporate Taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Macroeconomics
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| 653 |
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|a Wages
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| 653 |
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|a Formula apportionment
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| 653 |
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|a Economic theory
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| 653 |
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|a Taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Intergenerational Income Distribution
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| 653 |
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|a Public Finance
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| 653 |
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|a Income economics
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| 653 |
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|a Revenue
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| 653 |
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|a Employment
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| 700 |
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|a Liu, Li
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Prihardini, Dinar
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| 041 |
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7 |
|a eng
|2 ISO 639-2
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| 989 |
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|b IMF
|a International Monetary Fund
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| 490 |
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|a IMF Working Papers
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| 028 |
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|a 10.5089/9781513516257.001
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| 856 |
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|u https://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2019/213/001.2019.issue-213-en.xml?cid=48718-com-dsp-marc
|x Verlag
|3 Volltext
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|a 330
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| 520 |
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|a Formula apportionment as a way to attribute taxable profits of multinationals across jurisdictions is receiving increased attention. This paper reviews existing literature and discusses experiences in selective federal states to evaluate the economic properties of formula apportionment relative to the current international tax regime that is based on separate accounting. It highlights major advantages, such as the elimination of profit shifting within multinational groups; and it discusses new distortions and the impact on tax competition. The analysis exploits different datasets to assess the direct revenue implications for individual countries under alternative formulas. The distributional effects across countries are found to be large, reflecting major discrepancies between where profits are currently attributed and where factors of production are located or sales take place. The largest losses appear in investment hubs (i.e. countries with a disproportionate ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP), while several large advanced countries are likely to gain. Developing countries gain most likely if employment receives a large weight in the formula; they also tend to benefit, on average, from a formula based on sales by destination
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