| Summary: | Characterized by a loss in lens transparency due to breakdown of tissue and clumping of proteins, cataracts left untreated may lead to vision impairment and blindness. By removing and replacing the cloudy lens with a prosthetic lens, cataract surgery in both eyes, if indicated, is most commonly performed on separate days and is known as delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS). Alternatively, bilateral cataract surgery can also be performed on the same day, which is known as immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) or bilateral simultaneous cataract surgery. With potential benefits such as reduced turnover time between procedures, lower health care costs, less postoperative visits, and fewer patient and staff encounters, the use of ISBCS may help streamline health care delivery when faced with capacity challenges. However, potential safety concerns such as the development of complications (e.g., bilateral endophthalmitis, corneal edema) should be considered. The aim of this report is to summarize and critically appraise the relevant clinical evidence and evidence-based guidelines regarding the safety and use of ISBCS for the treatment of bilateral cataracts
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