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161223 ||| eng |
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|a 9781484305140
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| 245 |
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|a The Caucasus and Central Asia
|b Transitioning to Emerging Markets
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| 260 |
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|a Washington, D.C.
|b International Monetary Fund
|c 2014
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| 300 |
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|a 87 pages
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| 651 |
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4 |
|a Kazakhstan, Republic of
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| 653 |
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|a Economics
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| 653 |
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|a Public Policy
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| 653 |
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|a Finance
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| 653 |
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|a Public finance & taxation
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| 653 |
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|a Industries: Financial Services
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| 653 |
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|a Fiscal Policy
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| 653 |
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|a Intangible Capital
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| 653 |
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|a Political economy
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| 653 |
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|a National accounts
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| 653 |
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|a International organization
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| 653 |
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|a Financial markets
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| 653 |
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|a International institutions
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| 653 |
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|a Emerging and frontier financial markets
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| 653 |
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|a Financial Institutions and Services: General
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| 653 |
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|a International Economics
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| 653 |
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|a Macroeconomics
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| 653 |
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|a Capacity
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| 653 |
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|a Capital
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| 653 |
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|a International Agreements and Observance
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| 653 |
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|a Revenue administration
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| 653 |
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|a International Organizations
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| 653 |
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|a Investment
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| 653 |
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|a Political Economy
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| 653 |
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|a Infrastructure
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| 653 |
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|a International agencies
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| 653 |
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|a Fiscal policy
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| 653 |
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|a General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)
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| 653 |
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|a Economic sectors
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| 653 |
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|a Saving and investment
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| 653 |
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|a Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
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| 653 |
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|a Financial services industry
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| 653 |
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|a Public Finance
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| 653 |
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|a Finance: General
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| 653 |
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|a Revenue
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| 653 |
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|a Financial sector
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| 710 |
2 |
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|a International Monetary Fund
|b Middle East and Central Asia Dept
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| 041 |
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7 |
|a eng
|2 ISO 639-2
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| 989 |
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|b IMF
|a International Monetary Fund
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| 490 |
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|a Departmental Papers
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| 028 |
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|a 10.5089/9781484305140.087
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| 856 |
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|u https://elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/087/2014/003/087.2014.issue-003-en.xml?cid=41448-com-dsp-marc
|x Verlag
|3 Volltext
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|a 330
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| 520 |
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|a The countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) have recorded significant macroeconomic achievements since independence. These countries have grown more rapidly-—on average by 7 percent over 1996–2011—-than those in many other regions of the world and poverty has declined. Inflation has come down sharply from high rates in the 1990s and interest rates have fallen. Financial sectors have deepened somewhat, as evidenced by higher deposits and lending. Fiscal policies were broadly successful in building buffers prior to the global crisis and those buffers were used effectively by many CCA countries to support growth and protect the most vulnerable as the crisis washed across the region. CCA oil and gas exporters have achieved significant improvements in living standards with the use of their energy wealth
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