Biocatalysis
The action of enzymes fascinated mankind long before they were rec ognized for the complex chemicals that they are. The first application of these remarkable compounds to produce ethanol by fermentation is lost to antiquity. Payer and Persoz (Ann. Chim. Phys. , 53, 73 (1833ii)) appear to have provi...
Other Authors: | |
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Format: | eBook |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Dordrecht
Springer Netherlands
1990, 1990
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Edition: | 1st ed. 1990 |
Series: | Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | |
Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- Background of Dehalogenase Enzymes
- Dehalogenase Technology
- 8 Enzymatic Resolution of Ibuprofen in a Multiphase Membrane Reactor
- Enzyme-Substrate Screening
- Multiphase Membrane Bioreactor-Theory of Operation
- Results and Discussion
- Conclusions
- 9 Microbial Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds: A Way to Pheromone Synthesis
- What Is a Pheromone?
- Methodology
- Chiral Alcohols or Derivatives
- Chiral Ketones
- Conclusion
- 10 Resolution of Binaphthols and Spirobiindanols Using Pancreas Extracts
- Results
- Discussion
- Experimental Section
- 11 Chiral Synthons by New Oxidoreductases and Methodologies
- What Is Meant by “New” Enzymes and Methodologies?
- Practical Aspects
- Regeneration of Viologens
- Hydrogenations with C. Tyrobutyricum Containing Hydrogenase and Enoate Reductase
- 2-Hydroxycarboxylate Viologen Oxidoreductase and Its Use for the Preparation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates
- Dehydrogenation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates from Racemic Mixtures for the Preparation of (2S)-Hydroxycarboxylates
- Preparation of Chiral Deuterated Compounds
- Reductions of Hydroxylamines
- Example of a Viologen-Dependent Pyridine Nucleotide Oxidoreductase
- Carboxylate Reduction with Clostridia and Carbon Monoxide
- 12 Enzymes from Extreme Environments
- Protein Stability
- Thermostable Enzymes
- Recombinant Thermostable Enzymes
- Future Applications
- 13 Biocatalysis in Anaerobic Extremophiles
- Acidoanaerobes
- Haloanaerobes
- Thermoanaerobes
- Alcohol Dehydrogenase
- Amylases
- Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase
- Summary
- 14 Large-Scale Bioconversion of Nitriles into Useful Amides and Acids
- Biotechnical Potential of Nitrile Metabolism
- Production of Acrylamide with Pseudomonas Chlororaphis B23 Nitrile Hydratase
- Characterization and Cofactors of Iron-Containing Nitrile Hydratase
- 1 The Archeology of Enzymology
- Early Highspots
- Confession of a Peroxidase Addict
- Gastric Juice: A Hearty Brew
- What Is Catalysis?
- Anticipating an Enzyme
- Some Early Enzyme Patents
- Water-Insoluble Enzymes Can Work Too
- Chemical Modification of Enzymes
- Enzymes in Organic Solvents Can Go Either Way
- Publication Velocity: A Survival Factor
- Enzyme Specificity: An Intellectual Caldron
- Developments over Time
- An Example of Serendipity in Scientific Discovery
- Time and the Cytochromes: Termination and Resuscitation
- Effect of Temperature on Fat Unsaturation
- Conclusions
- 2 Synthesis of Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Polycondensation in Organic Media
- Oligomer and Polymer Synthesis with Hydrolases
- Formation of [AA-BB]x Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification
- Enzymatic Synthesis of an Optically Active Polyester
- Conclusions
- 3 Regiospecific Hydroxylation of Biphenyl and Analogs by Aspergillus parasiticus
- Materials and Methods
- Results and Discussions
- Conclusions
- 4 Simple Carbohydrates as Starting Materials in Organic Synthesis: A Comparison of Strategies
- Chemical Synthesis
- Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis
- Microbial Whole Cell Synthesis
- Final Results
- 5 The Production of Amino Acids by Transamination
- Mechanism of Transamination 116 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transaminases for Biocatalytic Reactions
- Driving the Reaction to Completion 120 Production of Amino Acids Using the Aspartic Transaminase from E. Coli
- Immobilization of the Transaminase
- Production of Branched-Chain l-Amino Acids
- Enzyme Production
- Conclusion
- 6 A Biocatalytic Approach to Vitamin C Production: Metabolic Pathway Engineering of Erwinia herbicola
- Historical Perspective
- Recombinant Strategy
- Development of the Recombinant Bacterial Strain
- Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Recombinant Strains
- Conclusions
- 7 Chiral Synthons by Biocatalysis
- Occurrence of a Cobalt-Induced and Cobalt-Containing Nitrile Hydratase in Rhodococcus Rhodochorous J1
- Production of Nicotinamide with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile Hydratase
- Production of Nicotinic Acid with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile
- 15 Aldolases in Organic Synthesis
- Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate Aldolase (FDP Aldolase)
- Synthesis
- Thermodynamically Controlled C-C Bond Formation
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Aldolase (Neu5Ac Aldolase)
- 16 Two-Liquid Phase Biocatalysis: Reactor Design
- Nomenclature
- Experimental Determination of Reactor Design Parameters
- Example: Benzyl Acetate Hydrolysis by Pig Liver Esterase
- Optimal Reactor Operation
- Reactor Design and Scale-Up
- Process Design
- Conclusions
- 17 Enzymes That Do Not Work in Organic Solvents: Too Polar Substrates Give Too Tight Enzyme-Product Complexes
- Discussion