Biocatalysis

The action of enzymes fascinated mankind long before they were rec­ ognized for the complex chemicals that they are. The first application of these remarkable compounds to produce ethanol by fermentation is lost to antiquity. Payer and Persoz (Ann. Chim. Phys. , 53, 73 (1833ii)) appear to have provi...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Abramowicz, D.A. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 1990, 1990
Edition:1st ed. 1990
Series:Van Nostrand Reinhold Electrical/Computer Science and Engineering Series
Subjects:
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • Background of Dehalogenase Enzymes
  • Dehalogenase Technology
  • 8 Enzymatic Resolution of Ibuprofen in a Multiphase Membrane Reactor
  • Enzyme-Substrate Screening
  • Multiphase Membrane Bioreactor-Theory of Operation
  • Results and Discussion
  • Conclusions
  • 9 Microbial Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds: A Way to Pheromone Synthesis
  • What Is a Pheromone?
  • Methodology
  • Chiral Alcohols or Derivatives
  • Chiral Ketones
  • Conclusion
  • 10 Resolution of Binaphthols and Spirobiindanols Using Pancreas Extracts
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Experimental Section
  • 11 Chiral Synthons by New Oxidoreductases and Methodologies
  • What Is Meant by “New” Enzymes and Methodologies?
  • Practical Aspects
  • Regeneration of Viologens
  • Hydrogenations with C. Tyrobutyricum Containing Hydrogenase and Enoate Reductase
  • 2-Hydroxycarboxylate Viologen Oxidoreductase and Its Use for the Preparation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates
  • Dehydrogenation of (2R)-Hydroxycarboxylates from Racemic Mixtures for the Preparation of (2S)-Hydroxycarboxylates
  • Preparation of Chiral Deuterated Compounds
  • Reductions of Hydroxylamines
  • Example of a Viologen-Dependent Pyridine Nucleotide Oxidoreductase
  • Carboxylate Reduction with Clostridia and Carbon Monoxide
  • 12 Enzymes from Extreme Environments
  • Protein Stability
  • Thermostable Enzymes
  • Recombinant Thermostable Enzymes
  • Future Applications
  • 13 Biocatalysis in Anaerobic Extremophiles
  • Acidoanaerobes
  • Haloanaerobes
  • Thermoanaerobes
  • Alcohol Dehydrogenase
  • Amylases
  • Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase
  • Summary
  • 14 Large-Scale Bioconversion of Nitriles into Useful Amides and Acids
  • Biotechnical Potential of Nitrile Metabolism
  • Production of Acrylamide with Pseudomonas Chlororaphis B23 Nitrile Hydratase
  • Characterization and Cofactors of Iron-Containing Nitrile Hydratase
  • 1 The Archeology of Enzymology
  • Early Highspots
  • Confession of a Peroxidase Addict
  • Gastric Juice: A Hearty Brew
  • What Is Catalysis?
  • Anticipating an Enzyme
  • Some Early Enzyme Patents
  • Water-Insoluble Enzymes Can Work Too
  • Chemical Modification of Enzymes
  • Enzymes in Organic Solvents Can Go Either Way
  • Publication Velocity: A Survival Factor
  • Enzyme Specificity: An Intellectual Caldron
  • Developments over Time
  • An Example of Serendipity in Scientific Discovery
  • Time and the Cytochromes: Termination and Resuscitation
  • Effect of Temperature on Fat Unsaturation
  • Conclusions
  • 2 Synthesis of Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Polycondensation in Organic Media
  • Oligomer and Polymer Synthesis with Hydrolases
  • Formation of [AA-BB]x Polyesters by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification
  • Enzymatic Synthesis of an Optically Active Polyester
  • Conclusions
  • 3 Regiospecific Hydroxylation of Biphenyl and Analogs by Aspergillus parasiticus
  • Materials and Methods
  • Results and Discussions
  • Conclusions
  • 4 Simple Carbohydrates as Starting Materials in Organic Synthesis: A Comparison of Strategies
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Immobilized Enzyme Synthesis
  • Microbial Whole Cell Synthesis
  • Final Results
  • 5 The Production of Amino Acids by Transamination
  • Mechanism of Transamination 116 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transaminases for Biocatalytic Reactions
  • Driving the Reaction to Completion 120 Production of Amino Acids Using the Aspartic Transaminase from E. Coli
  • Immobilization of the Transaminase
  • Production of Branched-Chain l-Amino Acids
  • Enzyme Production
  • Conclusion
  • 6 A Biocatalytic Approach to Vitamin C Production: Metabolic Pathway Engineering of Erwinia herbicola
  • Historical Perspective
  • Recombinant Strategy
  • Development of the Recombinant Bacterial Strain
  • Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Recombinant Strains
  • Conclusions
  • 7 Chiral Synthons by Biocatalysis
  • Occurrence of a Cobalt-Induced and Cobalt-Containing Nitrile Hydratase in Rhodococcus Rhodochorous J1
  • Production of Nicotinamide with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile Hydratase
  • Production of Nicotinic Acid with R. Rhodochrous J1 Nitrile
  • 15 Aldolases in Organic Synthesis
  • Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate Aldolase (FDP Aldolase)
  • Synthesis
  • Thermodynamically Controlled C-C Bond Formation
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Aldolase (Neu5Ac Aldolase)
  • 16 Two-Liquid Phase Biocatalysis: Reactor Design
  • Nomenclature
  • Experimental Determination of Reactor Design Parameters
  • Example: Benzyl Acetate Hydrolysis by Pig Liver Esterase
  • Optimal Reactor Operation
  • Reactor Design and Scale-Up
  • Process Design
  • Conclusions
  • 17 Enzymes That Do Not Work in Organic Solvents: Too Polar Substrates Give Too Tight Enzyme-Product Complexes
  • Discussion