Reflectance Spectroscopy Principles, Methods, Applications
Reflectance spectroscopy is the investigation of the spectral composi tion of surface-reflected radiation with respect to its angularly dependent intensity and the composition of the incident primary radiation. Two limiting cases are important: The first concerns regular (specular) reflection from...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1969, 1969
|
| Edition: | 1st ed. 1969 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- I. Introduction
- II. Regular and Diffuse Reflection
- a) Regular Reflection at Non-Absorbing Media
- b) Total Reflection
- c) Regular Reflectance at Strongly Absorbing Media
- d) Definition and Laws of Diffuse Reflection
- e) Experimental Investigation of Diffuse Reflection at Non-Absorbing Materials
- f) Diffuse Reflectance at Absorbing Materials
- g) Dependence of Remission Curves on Particle Size
- III. Single and Multiple Scattering
- a) Rayleigh Scattering
- b) Theory of Scattering at Large Isotropic Spherical Particles
- c) Multiple Scattering
- d) The Radiation-Transfer Equation
- IV. Phenomenological Theories of Absorption and Scattering of Tightly Packed Particles
- a) The Schuster Equation for Isotropic Scattering
- b) The Kubelka-Munk Exponential Solution
- c) The Hyperbolic Solution Obtained by Kubelka and Munk
- d) Use of Directed Instead of Diffuse Irradiation
- e) Consideration of Regular Reflection at Phase Boundaries
- f) Absolute and Relative Measurements
- g) Consideration of Self-Emission or Luminescence
- h) Attempts at a Rigorous Solution of the Radiation-Transfer Equation
- i) Discontinuum Theories
- V. Experimental Testing of the “Kubelka-Munk” Theory
- a) Optical Geometry of the Measuring Arrangement
- b) The Dilution Method
- c) Concentration Dependence of the “Kubelka-Munk” Function F(R?)
- d) The Typical Color Curve
- e) Influence of Cover Glasses
- f) Scattering Coefficients and Absorption Coefficients
- g) Influence of Scattering Coefficients on the “Typical Color” Curve”
- h) Particle-Size Dependence of the Kubelka-Munk Function
- VI. Experimental Techniques
- a) Test of the Lambert’s Cosine Law
- b) The Integrating Sphere
- c) Measuring Apparatus
- d) Measurements with Linearly Polarized Radiation
- e) The Measurementof Fluorescent Samples
- f) Influence of Moisture on Reflectance Spectra
- g) Preparation of Samples for Measurement
- h) Adsorption from the Gas Phase and from Solution
- i) Measurements in the Infrared
- k) Discussion of Errors
- VII. Applications
- a) The Spectra of Slightly Soluble Substances, or Substances that are Altered by Dissolution
- b) Spectra of Adsorbed Substances
- c) Kinetic Measurements
- d) Spectra of Crystalline Powders
- e) Dynamic Reflectance Spectroscopy
- f) Analytical Photometric Measurements
- g) Color Measurement and Color Matching
- VIII. Reflectance Spectra Obtained by Attenuated Total Reflection
- a) Determination of the Optical Constants n and ?
- b) Internal Reflection Spectroscopy
- c) Methods
- d) Applications
- Appendix: Tables of the Kubelka-Munk-Function