Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass
An increase in the demand for wood results in improved recovery and less residual biomass in the forests. Paradoxically, interest in forest residue as a renewable source of raw material seems to be in a reverse ratio to its availability in a certain area. Finland and Sweden are probably more depende...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin, Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1989, 1989
|
| Edition: | 1st ed. 1989 |
| Series: | Springer Series in Wood Science
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Collection: | Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa |
Table of Contents:
- 5.4 Position of Comminution in the Harvesting Schedule
- 6 Trucking Residual Forest Biomass
- 6.1 Transport-Technical Characteristics of Residual Biomass
- 6.2 Improvement of Bulk Density by Compaction
- 6.3 Trucking Unlimbed Timber
- 6.4 Trucking Unprocessed Logging Residue
- 6.5 Trucking Comminuted Biomass
- 6.6 Alternatives to Trucking
- 7 Examples of Biomass Harvesting Systems
- 7.1 Whole-Tree Chipping Systems
- 7.2 Systems for Chipping Slash
- 7.3 Systems for Integrated Recovery of Crown Mass and Conventional Timber
- 7.4 Systems, for Harvesting Stump and Root Mass
- 8 Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass
- 8.1 Use of Chips as a Solid Fuel
- 8.2 Use of Residual Biomass for Pulp and Paper Products
- 8.3 Use of Residual Biomass for Panel Products
- 8.4 Use of Residual Biomass as a Feedstock for Chemicals
- 8.5 Use of Residual Forest Biomass for Fodder
- 8.6 Upgrading Residual Forest Biomass
- 9 Ecological Consequences of Residue Removal
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Residual Forest Biomass as a Raw Material Reserve
- 2.1 Biomass Components of a Tree
- 2.2 Composition of Whole-Tree Biomass
- 2.3 Biomass of an Entire Stand
- 2.4 Forest Biomass Inventory
- 2.5 Quantity of Residue in Practical Logging Operations
- 3 Technical Properties of Residual Tree Components
- 3.1 Anatomical Structure of Residual Tree Components
- 3.2 Cell Dimensions in Residual Tree Components
- 3.3 Chemical Composition of Residual Tree Components
- 3.4 Basic Density of Wood and Bark in Residual Tree Components
- 3.5 Heating Value of Residual Tree Components
- 4 Recovery of Residual Forest Biomass
- 4.1 Harvesting Whole Trees
- 4.2 Relogging Slash from Cutovers
- 4.3 Continuously Progressing Swath Harvesters
- 4.4 Harvesting Stump and Root Mass
- 5 Comminution of Residual Forest Biomass
- 5.1 The Purpose of Comminution
- 5.2 The Techniques of Comminution
- 5.3 Energy and Power Requirement in Comminution
- 9.1 Effect of Residue Removal on Nutrient Balance
- 9.2 Effect of Residue Removal on Regeneration and Growth
- 9.3 Effect of Residue Removal on Forest Health and Environment
- 9.4 Returning Nutrients to Forest Soil
- Scientific and Common Names of Tree Species
- Equivalents and Conversion Factors
- References