Engine Emissions Pollutant Formation and Measurement

In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in i...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Springer, George (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York, NY Springer US 1973, 1973
Edition:1st ed. 1973
Subjects:
Online Access:
Collection: Springer Book Archives -2004 - Collection details see MPG.ReNa
Table of Contents:
  • 1. Engine Exhaust Emissions
  • I. Introduction
  • II. When Is an Emittant a Pollutant?
  • III. Formation of Pollutants
  • IV. Transient Operation — Engines
  • V. Transient Operation — System
  • VI. Evaluation of Vehicle Emissions
  • VII. Control Techniques
  • References
  • 2. The Chemistry of Spark-Ignition Engine Combustion and Emission Formation
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Engine Processes
  • III. Ultimate Fate of Engine Emissions
  • IV. The Engine—A Chemical Reactor
  • V. The Combustion Chamber
  • VI. Exhaust System
  • VII. Systems Approach to Reactions in an Engine
  • VIII. Summary
  • References
  • 3. Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Formation in Combustion Processes
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Ignition Delays in Low Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon-Oxydizer Systems
  • III. Production and Emission of Unburned Hydrocarbons
  • IV. Some Effects of Hydrocarbon Emissions on Man and His Environment
  • References
  • 4. The Kinetics of Pollutant Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Chemical Thermodynamics of the Engine Cycle
  • III. Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuel-Air Mixtures and the Approach to the Initial High-Temperature Equilibrium State
  • IV. Formation of Nitric Oxide
  • V. Expansion and Exhaust Processes
  • VI. The Effect of Pressure Oscillations on Nitric Oxide Kinetics
  • 5. Particulate Emission from Spark-Ignition Engines
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Measurement Techniques
  • III. Physical Characteristics of Particulates
  • IV. Chemical Composition of Particulates
  • V. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • 6. Diesel Engines Combustion and Emissions
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Diesel Ignition and Combustion
  • III. Direct-Injection Engines
  • IV. The M-System
  • V. Indirect Injection Engines
  • VI. Comparison Between the Emission Characteristics of Some Transportation Engines
  • VII. NO Emission Control
  • VIII. Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • 7. Diffusion and Fallout of Pollutants Emitted by Aircraft Engines
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Identification of Sources
  • III. Diffusion and Fallout
  • IV. Chemical and Physical Conversions
  • V. Plume Axis from a Stack
  • VI. Plume Paths from Aircraft
  • VII. Wing-Tip Vortices
  • VIII. Plume Visibility
  • IX. Concluding Remarks
  • Notation
  • References
  • 8. Instrumentation and Techniques for Measuring Emissions
  • I. Methods for Measuring Pollutants
  • II. Automotive Emissions Measurement
  • III. Measurement of Emissions from Diesel and Turbine Engines
  • References
  • 9. Direct-Sampling Studies of Combustion Processes
  • I. Introduction
  • II. A Simplified Model of Molecular-Beam Sampling
  • III. Boundary-Layer Considerations
  • IV. Chemical Relaxations
  • V. Species Condensations
  • VI. Skimmer Interference
  • VII. Mass Separations
  • VIII. Background Scattering
  • IX. Mass-Spectra Interpretations
  • X. Preliminary Applications
  • References