Peter Mathias, (10 January 1928 – 1 March 2016) was a British economic historian and the former Chichele Professor of Economic History at the University of Oxford. His research focused on the history of industry, business, and technology, both in Britain and Europe. He is most well known for his publication of ''The First Industrial Nation: an Economic History of Britain 1700–1914'' (1969), which discussed not only the multiple factors that made industrialisation possible, but also how it was sustained.
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